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Search results 501 to 600 out of 711 for Furin

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Type Details Score
Publication
31875546 | J:296800
First Author: Munezane H
Year: 2019
Journal: Cell Rep
Title: Roles of Collagen XXV and Its Putative Receptors PTPσ/δ in Intramuscular Motor Innervation and Congenital Cranial Dysinnervation Disorder.
Volume: 29
Issue: 13
Pages: 4362-4376.e6
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Publication
29626165 | J:261214
First Author: Zainul Z
Year: 2018
Journal: J Neurosci
Title: Collagen XIII Is Required for Neuromuscular Synapse Regeneration and Functional Recovery after Peripheral Nerve Injury.
Volume: 38
Issue: 17
Pages: 4243-4258
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Publication
31455802 | J:278455
First Author: Vijayakumar S
Year: 2019
Journal: Sci Rep
Title: Spontaneous mutations of the Zpld1 gene in mice cause semicircular canal dysfunction but do not impair gravity receptor or hearing functions.
Volume: 9
Issue: 1
Pages: 12430
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Publication
35870522 | J:328276
 
First Author: Hunyara JL
Year: 2022
Journal: Exp Neurol
Title: Characterization of non-alpha retinal ganglion cell injury responses reveals a possible block to restoring ipRGC function.
Volume: 357
Pages: 114176
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Genotype
Genotype
Symbol: Mp/Mp<+>
Background: involves: 101/Rl * C3H/Rl * C57BL/6J * CBA
Zygosity: ht
Has Mutant Allele: true
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Genotype
Genotype
Symbol: Mp/Mp<+>
Background: involves: 101/Rl * C3H/Rl * C57BL/6J * CBA * CD-1
Zygosity: ht
Has Mutant Allele: true
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Genotype
Genotype
Symbol: Mp/Mp
Background: involves: 101/Rl * C3H/Rl * C57BL/6J * CBA
Zygosity: hm
Has Mutant Allele: true
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Genotype
Genotype
Symbol: Mp/Mp
Background: involves: 101/Rl * C3H/Rl * C57BL/6J * CBA * CD-1
Zygosity: hm
Has Mutant Allele: true
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Publication
24220035 | J:207187
First Author: Dancevic CM
Year: 2013
Journal: J Biol Chem
Title: Biosynthesis and expression of a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase domain with thrombospondin-1 repeats-15: a novel versican-cleaving proteoglycanase.
Volume: 288
Issue: 52
Pages: 37267-76
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Publication
15189448 | J:100166
First Author: Moriguchi T
Year: 2004
Journal: Genes Cells
Title: DREG, a developmentally regulated G protein-coupled receptor containing two conserved proteolytic cleavage sites.
Volume: 9
Issue: 6
Pages: 549-60
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Publication
25795784 | J:222585
First Author: Wong E
Year: 2015
Journal: J Biol Chem
Title: The Functional Maturation of A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase (ADAM) 9, 10, and 17 Requires Processing at a Newly Identified Proprotein Convertase (PC) Cleavage Site.
Volume: 290
Issue: 19
Pages: 12135-46
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Publication
8234256 | J:15428
First Author: Mikayama T
Year: 1993
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Title: Molecular cloning and functional expression of a cDNA encoding glycosylation-inhibiting factor.
Volume: 90
Issue: 21
Pages: 10056-60
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Publication
17208043 | J:120280
First Author: Pradère JP
Year: 2007
Journal: Biochim Biophys Acta
Title: Secretion and lysophospholipase D activity of autotaxin by adipocytes are controlled by N-glycosylation and signal peptidase.
Volume: 1771
Issue: 1
Pages: 93-102
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Publication
32329225 | J:313847
First Author: Yu Y
Year: 2020
Journal: EMBO Rep
Title: Placensin is a glucogenic hormone secreted by human placenta.
Volume: 21
Issue: 6
Pages: e49530
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Publication
10085137 | J:50709
First Author: Pei D
Year: 1999
Journal: J Biol Chem
Title: Identification and characterization of the fifth membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase MT5-MMP.
Volume: 274
Issue: 13
Pages: 8925-32
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Publication
11328856 | J:69149
First Author: Ohnishi J
Year: 2001
Journal: Mol Endocrinol
Title: Cloning and characterization of a rat ortholog of MMP-23 (matrix metalloproteinase-23), a unique type of membrane-anchored matrix metalloproteinase and conditioned switching of its expression during the ovarian follicular development.
Volume: 15
Issue: 5
Pages: 747-64
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Publication
24275455 | J:206596
First Author: Smith CJ
Year: 2014
Journal: Exp Cell Res
Title: The ubiquitin ligase RNF126 regulates the retrograde sorting of the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor.
Volume: 320
Issue: 2
Pages: 219-32
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Publication
16885371 | J:112101
First Author: Springfeld C
Year: 2006
Journal: Cancer Res
Title: Oncolytic efficacy and enhanced safety of measles virus activated by tumor-secreted matrix metalloproteinases.
Volume: 66
Issue: 15
Pages: 7694-700
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Publication
29272432 | J:257003
First Author: Shao W
Year: 2018
Journal: Hum Mol Genet
Title: Inhibition of antigen presentation during AAV gene therapy using virus peptides.
Volume: 27
Issue: 4
Pages: 601-613
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Publication
12663667 | J:83775
First Author: Pedron T
Year: 2003
Journal: J Biol Chem
Title: TLR4-dependent lipopolysaccharide-induced shedding of tumor necrosis factor receptors in mouse bone marrow granulocytes.
Volume: 278
Issue: 23
Pages: 20555-64
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Publication
23372167 | J:197469
First Author: Siner JI
Year: 2013
Journal: Blood
Title: Minimal modification in the factor VIII B-domain sequence ameliorates the murine hemophilia A phenotype.
Volume: 121
Issue: 21
Pages: 4396-403
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Publication
34042202 | J:309189
First Author: Mattila SO
Year: 2021
Journal: FASEB J
Title: GPR37 is processed in the N-terminal ectodomain by ADAM10 and furin.
Volume: 35
Issue: 6
Pages: e21654
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Publication
37681408 | J:341725
 
First Author: Xie H
Year: 2023
Journal: JCI Insight
Title: 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 regulates furin-mediated FGF23 cleavage.
Volume: 8
Issue: 17
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Publication
29127149 | J:252603
First Author: Cui X
Year: 2017
Journal: J Immunol
Title: Regnase-1 and Roquin Nonredundantly Regulate Th1 Differentiation Causing Cardiac Inflammation and Fibrosis.
Volume: 199
Issue: 12
Pages: 4066-4077
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Publication
24532792 | J:212435
First Author: Kurokawa S
Year: 2014
Journal: J Biol Chem
Title: Isoform-specific binding of selenoprotein P to the β-propeller domain of apolipoprotein E receptor 2 mediates selenium supply.
Volume: 289
Issue: 13
Pages: 9195-207
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Publication
32913125 | J:348430
First Author: Mori T
Year: 2020
Journal: J Biol Chem
Title: Gallic acid is a dual α/β-secretase modulator that reverses cognitive impairment and remediates pathology in Alzheimer mice.
Volume: 295
Issue: 48
Pages: 16251-16266
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Publication
31222723 | J:347401
First Author: Wu MM
Year: 2019
Journal: Br J Pharmacol
Title: Lovastatin attenuates hypertension induced by renal tubule-specific knockout of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1, by inhibiting epithelial sodium channels.
Volume: 176
Issue: 18
Pages: 3695-3711
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Publication
16382151 | J:144146
First Author: Roebroek AJ
Year: 2006
Journal: Mol Cell Biol
Title: Mutant Lrp1 knock-in mice generated by recombinase-mediated cassette exchange reveal differential importance of the NPXY motifs in the intracellular domain of LRP1 for normal fetal development.
Volume: 26
Issue: 2
Pages: 605-16
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Publication
28324013 | J:248044
First Author: Knab VM
Year: 2017
Journal: Endocrinology
Title: Acute Parathyroid Hormone Injection Increases C-Terminal but Not Intact Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Levels.
Volume: 158
Issue: 5
Pages: 1130-1139
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Publication
20947821 | J:184199
First Author: Kutschera S
Year: 2011
Journal: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol
Title: Differential endothelial transcriptomics identifies semaphorin 3G as a vascular class 3 semaphorin.
Volume: 31
Issue: 1
Pages: 151-9
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Publication
15284207 | J:93981
First Author: Bai X
Year: 2004
Journal: Endocrinology
Title: Transgenic mice overexpressing human fibroblast growth factor 23 (R176Q) delineate a putative role for parathyroid hormone in renal phosphate wasting disorders.
Volume: 145
Issue: 11
Pages: 5269-79
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Publication
36876574 | J:354781
First Author: Temmam S
Year: 2023
Journal: EMBO Rep
Title: SARS-CoV-2-related bat virus behavior in human-relevant models sheds light on the origin of COVID-19.
Volume: 24
Issue: 4
Pages: e56055
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Publication
36439169 | J:335985
 
First Author: Alcolea PJ
Year: 2022
Journal: Front Immunol
Title: Non-replicative antibiotic resistance-free DNA vaccine encoding S and N proteins induces full protection in mice against SARS-CoV-2.
Volume: 13
Pages: 1023255
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Publication
38662786 | J:351079
First Author: Magaña-Ávila GR
Year: 2024
Journal: PLoS One
Title: Effect of SARS-CoV-2 S protein on the proteolytic cleavage of the epithelial Na+ channel ENaC.
Volume: 19
Issue: 4
Pages: e0302436
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Publication
24400073 | J:212214
First Author: Sakakura H
Year: 2014
Journal: PLoS One
Title: Detection of a soluble form of CD109 in serum of CD109 transgenic and tumor xenografted mice.
Volume: 9
Issue: 1
Pages: e83385
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Publication
9242664 | J:139345
First Author: Schaner P
Year: 1997
Journal: J Biol Chem
Title: Processing of prothyrotropin-releasing hormone by the family of prohormone convertases.
Volume: 272
Issue: 32
Pages: 19958-68
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Publication
8262946 | J:131459
First Author: Breslin MB
Year: 1993
Journal: J Biol Chem
Title: Differential processing of proenkephalin by prohormone convertases 1(3) and 2 and furin.
Volume: 268
Issue: 36
Pages: 27084-93
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Publication
8706697 | J:34362
First Author: Hjälm G
Year: 1996
Journal: Eur J Biochem
Title: Cloning and sequencing of human gp330, a Ca(2+)-binding receptor with potential intracellular signaling properties.
Volume: 239
Issue: 1
Pages: 132-7
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Publication
9379120 | J:42781
First Author: Brar B
Year: 1997
Journal: J Endocrinol
Title: Post-translational processing of human procorticotrophin-releasing factor in transfected mouse neuroblastoma and Chinese hamster ovary cell lines.
Volume: 154
Issue: 3
Pages: 431-40
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Publication
9722584 | J:49621
First Author: Lorenzo P
Year: 1998
Journal: J Biol Chem
Title: Cloning and deduced amino acid sequence of a novel cartilage protein (CILP) identifies a proform including a nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase.
Volume: 273
Issue: 36
Pages: 23469-75
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Publication
9890748 | J:51681
First Author: Haines BP
Year: 1999
Journal: Mol Reprod Dev
Title: Isolation and characterisation of a cDNA encoding a zona pellucida protein (ZPB) from the marsupial Trichosurus vulpecula (brushtail possum).
Volume: 52
Issue: 2
Pages: 174-82
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Publication
10216911 | J:53921
First Author: McCartney CA
Year: 1999
Journal: Zygote
Title: Cloning and characterisation of a zona pellucida 3 cDNA from a marsupial, the brushtail possum Trichosurus vulpecula.
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-9
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Publication
16495457 | J:105745
First Author: Monea S
Year: 2006
Journal: J Neurosci
Title: Membrane localization of membrane type 5 matrix metalloproteinase by AMPA receptor binding protein and cleavage of cadherins.
Volume: 26
Issue: 8
Pages: 2300-12
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Publication
16407210 | J:110551
First Author: Rabah N
Year: 2006
Journal: J Biol Chem
Title: Single amino acid substitution in the PC1/3 propeptide can induce significant modifications of its inhibitory profile toward its cognate enzyme.
Volume: 281
Issue: 11
Pages: 7556-67
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Publication
17296795 | J:119718
First Author: Nichols JT
Year: 2007
Journal: J Cell Biol
Title: DSL ligand endocytosis physically dissociates Notch1 heterodimers before activating proteolysis can occur.
Volume: 176
Issue: 4
Pages: 445-58
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Publication
17199078 | J:120890
First Author: Bruns JB
Year: 2007
Journal: J Biol Chem
Title: Epithelial Na+ channels are fully activated by furin- and prostasin-dependent release of an inhibitory peptide from the gamma-subunit.
Volume: 282
Issue: 9
Pages: 6153-60
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Publication
18706457 | J:142110
First Author: Shifley ET
Year: 2008
Journal: Biochim Biophys Acta
Title: Lunatic fringe protein processing by proprotein convertases may contribute to the short protein half-life in the segmentation clock.
Volume: 1783
Issue: 12
Pages: 2384-90
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Publication
18981180 | J:143915
First Author: Passero CJ
Year: 2008
Journal: J Biol Chem
Title: Plasmin activates epithelial Na+ channels by cleaving the gamma subunit.
Volume: 283
Issue: 52
Pages: 36586-91
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Publication
18728349 | J:151283
First Author: Lu Y
Year: 2009
Journal: Cells Tissues Organs
Title: Studies of the DMP1 57-kDa functional domain both in vivo and in vitro.
Volume: 189
Issue: 1-4
Pages: 175-85
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Publication
18440095 | J:156660
First Author: Tsachaki M
Year: 2010
Journal: Neurobiol Aging
Title: BRI2 homodimerizes with the involvement of intermolecular disulfide bonds.
Volume: 31
Issue: 1
Pages: 88-98
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Publication
20739562 | J:163525
First Author: Lonka-Nevalaita L
Year: 2010
Journal: J Neurosci
Title: Characterization of the intracellular localization, processing, and secretion of two glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor splice isoforms.
Volume: 30
Issue: 34
Pages: 11403-13
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Publication
23147225 | J:192353
First Author: Fukaya S
Year: 2013
Journal: Lab Invest
Title: Overexpression of TNF-α-converting enzyme in fibroblasts augments dermal fibrosis after inflammation.
Volume: 93
Issue: 1
Pages: 72-80
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Publication
22925071 | J:203251
First Author: Yuasa K
Year: 2012
Journal: FEBS J
Title: Subtilisin-like proprotein convertase paired basic amino acid-cleaving enzyme 4 is required for chondrogenic differentiation in ATDC5 cells.
Volume: 279
Issue: 21
Pages: 3997-4009
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Publication
25209858 | J:216359
First Author: Carattino MD
Year: 2014
Journal: Am J Physiol Renal Physiol
Title: Prostasin interacts with the epithelial Na+ channel and facilitates cleavage of the γ-subunit by a second protease.
Volume: 307
Issue: 9
Pages: F1080-7
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Publication
25601851 | J:220870
First Author: Van Overbeke W
Year: 2015
Journal: Hum Mol Genet
Title: An ER-directed gelsolin nanobody targets the first step in amyloid formation in a gelsolin amyloidosis mouse model.
Volume: 24
Issue: 9
Pages: 2492-507
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Publication
25814526 | J:224111
First Author: Xiang Y
Year: 2015
Journal: Blood
Title: Hyperglycemia repression of miR-24 coordinately upregulates endothelial cell expression and secretion of von Willebrand factor.
Volume: 125
Issue: 22
Pages: 3377-87
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Publication
23538417 | J:228633
First Author: Tiveron C
Year: 2013
Journal: Cell Death Differ
Title: ProNGF\NGF imbalance triggers learning and memory deficits, neurodegeneration and spontaneous epileptic-like discharges in transgenic mice.
Volume: 20
Issue: 8
Pages: 1017-30
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Publication
27072365 | J:235031
First Author: Zhao N
Year: 2016
Journal: J Biol Chem
Title: Neogenin Facilitates the Induction of Hepcidin Expression by Hemojuvelin in the Liver.
Volume: 291
Issue: 23
Pages: 12322-35
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Publication
30355783 | J:267735
First Author: Cabron AS
Year: 2018
Journal: J Immunol
Title: Structural and Functional Analyses of the Shedding Protease ADAM17 in HoxB8-Immortalized Macrophages and Dendritic-like Cells.
Volume: 201
Issue: 10
Pages: 3106-3118
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Publication
32985513 | J:296250
First Author: Brooke GN
Year: 2020
Journal: Sci Rep
Title: Structural and functional modelling of SARS-CoV-2 entry in animal models.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Pages: 15917
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Protein
Q91VK4
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 269  
Fragment?: false
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Protein
Q61500
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 263  
Fragment?: false
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Protein
O89051
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 266  
Fragment?: false
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Protein
Q3TVJ0
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 266  
Fragment?: false
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Protein
Q9D237
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 220  
Fragment?: false
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Protein
Q9JME4
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 210  
Fragment?: false
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Protein
Q9D1Q3
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 266  
Fragment?: false
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Protein
A0A087WRM2
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 232  
Fragment?: false
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Protein
A0A2I3BPW7
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 144  
Fragment?: true
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Protein
Q3U0F3
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 269  
Fragment?: false
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Protein
Q3UCT9
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 266  
Fragment?: false
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Publication
17965014 | -
First Author: Martin L
Year: 2008
Journal: J Biol Chem
Title: Regulated intramembrane proteolysis of Bri2 (Itm2b) by ADAM10 and SPPL2a/SPPL2b.
Volume: 283
Issue: 3
Pages: 1644-52
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Publication
27586429 | J:242107
 
First Author: Del Toro R
Year: 2016
Journal: Nat Commun
Title: Nestin(+) cells direct inflammatory cell migration in atherosclerosis.
Volume: 7
Pages: 12706
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Publication
32198221 | J:337969
 
First Author: Dasoveanu DC
Year: 2020
Journal: Sci Immunol
Title: Lymph node stromal CCL2 limits antibody responses.
Volume: 5
Issue: 45
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Publication
30794158 | J:275123
   
First Author: Jenkins BA
Year: 2019
Journal: Elife
Title: The cellular basis of mechanosensory Merkel-cell innervation during development.
Volume: 8
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Publication
20336610 | J:159629
First Author: Jang CW
Year: 2010
Journal: Int J Dev Biol
Title: Bmp4-directed nuclear cyan fluorescent protein provides a tool for live imaging and reveals cellular resolution of Bmp4 expression patterns during embryogenesis.
Volume: 54
Issue: 5
Pages: 931-8
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Publication
28951461 | J:273657
First Author: Bakst RL
Year: 2017
Journal: Cancer Res
Title: Inflammatory Monocytes Promote Perineural Invasion via CCL2-Mediated Recruitment and Cathepsin B Expression.
Volume: 77
Issue: 22
Pages: 6400-6414
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Publication
26811382 | J:240088
First Author: Tadokoro T
Year: 2016
Journal: Development
Title: BMP signaling and cellular dynamics during regeneration of airway epithelium from basal progenitors.
Volume: 143
Issue: 5
Pages: 764-73
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Publication
38171360 | J:344557
First Author: Hall ET
Year: 2024
Journal: Cell
Title: Cytoneme signaling provides essential contributions to mammalian tissue patterning.
Volume: 187
Issue: 2
Pages: 276-293.e23
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Publication
9648071 | J:48622
First Author: Ota K
Year: 1998
Journal: Kidney Int
Title: Cloning of murine membrane-type-1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT-1-MMP) and its metanephric developmental regulation with respect to MMP-2 and its inhibitor.
Volume: 54
Issue: 1
Pages: 131-42
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Publication
11294845 | J:70122
First Author: Brandes C
Year: 2001
Journal: J Biol Chem
Title: Alternative splicing in the ligand binding domain of mouse ApoE receptor-2 produces receptor variants binding reelin but not alpha 2-macroglobulin.
Volume: 276
Issue: 25
Pages: 22160-9
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Publication
19737405 | J:220950
 
First Author: Sun X
Year: 2009
Journal: Mol Cancer
Title: The proprotein convertase PC5/6 is protective against intestinal tumorigenesis: in vivo mouse model.
Volume: 8
Pages: 73
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Publication
34508778 | J:312366
First Author: Susan-Resiga D
Year: 2021
Journal: J Biol Chem
Title: Asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 is a novel PCSK9-independent ligand of liver LDLR cleaved by furin.
Volume: 297
Issue: 4
Pages: 101177
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Publication
10987860 | J:126657
First Author: Berman Y
Year: 2000
Journal: J Neurochem
Title: Defective prodynorphin processing in mice lacking prohormone convertase PC2.
Volume: 75
Issue: 4
Pages: 1763-70
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Publication
30916990 | J:292271
First Author: Peters F
Year: 2019
Journal: FASEB J
Title: Tethering soluble meprin α in an enzyme complex to the cell surface affects IBD-associated genes.
Volume: 33
Issue: 6
Pages: 7490-7504
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Publication
33688035 | J:303465
 
First Author: Liu R
Year: 2021
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Title: One or two injections of MVA-vectored vaccine shields hACE2 transgenic mice from SARS-CoV-2 upper and lower respiratory tract infection.
Volume: 118
Issue: 12
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Publication
16893422 | J:117471
First Author: Poirier S
Year: 2006
Journal: J Neurochem
Title: Implication of the proprotein convertase NARC-1/PCSK9 in the development of the nervous system.
Volume: 98
Issue: 3
Pages: 838-50
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Publication
11389548 | J:69145
First Author: Vaccaro MC
Year: 2001
Journal: Mol Reprod Dev
Title: Primary structure and developmental expression of Dp ZP2, a vitelline envelope glycoprotein homolog of mouse ZP2, in Discoglossus pictus, one of the oldest living Anuran species.
Volume: 59
Issue: 2
Pages: 133-43
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Publication
1988934 | J:33623
First Author: Smeekens SP
Year: 1991
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Title: Identification of a cDNA encoding a second putative prohormone convertase related to PC2 in AtT20 cells and islets of Langerhans.
Volume: 88
Issue: 2
Pages: 340-4
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Publication
7750497 | J:25934
First Author: Joshi D
Year: 1995
Journal: Endocrinology
Title: Age-related alterations in the expression of prohormone convertase messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels in hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin mRNA neurons in the female C57BL/6J mouse.
Volume: 136
Issue: 6
Pages: 2721-9
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Publication
- | J:321924
     
First Author: Hu Q
Year: 2022
Journal: bioRxiv
Title: Chimeric mRNA based COVID-19 vaccine induces protective immunity against Omicron and Delta.
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Protein
Q61139
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 770  
Fragment?: false
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Protein
A0A1L1STW0
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 518  
Fragment?: false
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Protein
Q3U920
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 770  
Fragment?: false
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Protein Domain
IPR002552 | Spike_S2_CoV
Type: Domain
Description: The type I glycoprotein S of Coronavirus, trimers of which constitute the typical viral spikes, is assembled into virions through noncovalent interactions with the M protein. The spike glycoprotein is translated as a large polypeptide that is subsequently cleaved to S1 () and S2 []. The cleavage of S can occur at two distinct sites: S2 or S2' []. The spike is present in two very different forms: pre-fusion (the form on mature virions) and post-fusion (the form after membrane fusion has been completed). The spike is cleaved sequentially by host proteases at two sites: first at the S1/S2 boundary (i.e. S1/S2 site) and second within S2 (i.e. S2' site). After the cleavages, S1 dissociates from S2, allowing S2 to transition to the post-fusion structure []. Both chimeric S proteins appeared to cause cell fusion when expressed individually, suggesting that they were biologically fully active []. The spike is a type I membrane glycoprotein that possesses a conserved transmembrane anchor and an unusual cysteine-rich (cys) domain that bridges the putative junction of the anchor and the cytoplasmic tail [].SARS-CoV S is largely uncleaved after biosynthesis. It can be later processed by endosomal cathepsin L, trypsin, thermolysin, and elastase, which are shown to induce syncytia formation and virus entry. Other proteases that are of potential biological relevance in potentiating SARS-CoV S include TMPRSS2, TMPRSS11a, and HAT which are localized on the cell surface and are highly expressed in the human airway []. The furin-like S2' cleavage site at KR/SF with P1 and P2 basic residues and a P2' hydrophobic Phe downstream of the IFP is identical between the SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. One or more furin-like enzymes would cleave the S2' site at KR/SF [, ]. Deletion of SARS-CoV-2 furin cleavage site suggests that it may not be required for viral entry but may affect replication kinetics and altered sites have been still seen proteolytically cleaved. Several substitutions within the S2' cleavage domain of SARS-COV-2 have been reported, including P812L/S/T, S813I/G, F817L, I818S/V, but further experimental study of their consequences and the replication properties of the altered viruses are required to understand the role of furin cleavage in SARS-CoV-2 infection and virulence []. The S2 subunit normally contains multiple key components, including one or more fusion peptides (FP), a second proteolytic site (S2') and two conserved heptad repeats (HRs), driving membrane penetration and virus-cell fusion. The HRs can trimerize into a coiled-coil structure built of three HR1-HR2 helical hairpins presenting as a canonical six-helix bundle and drag the virus envelope and the host cell bilayer into close proximity, preparing for fusion to occur []. The fusion core is composed of HR1 and HR2 and at least three membranotropic regions that are denoted as the fusion peptide (FP), internal fusion peptide (IFP), and pretransmembrane domain (PTM). The HR regions are further flanked by the three membranotropic components. Both FP and IFP are located upstream of HR1, while PTM is distally downstream of HR2 and directly precedes the transmembrane domain of SARS-CoV S. All of these three components are able to partition into the phospholipid bilayer to disturb membrane integrity. []. During the pandemic, many conservative amino acid changes in FP segment of SARS-CoV-2 have been reported (i.e., L821I, L822F, K825R, V826L, T827I, L828P, A829T, D830G/A, A831V/S/T, G832C/S, F833S, I834T), although their impact is not known as the active conformation and mode of insertion of SARS-CoV-2 fusion peptide have not been experimentally characterised. Differences in HR1 sequences between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 suggest that SARS-CoV-2 HR2 makes stronger interactions with HR1. However, the substitutions observed in the solvent accessible surface of the HR1 domain (e.g., D936Y, S943P, S939F) of SARS-CoV-2 do not seem to be involved in stabilizing interactions with HR2. Substitutions in HR2 (e.g., K1073N, V1176F) or the TM or cytoplasmic tail domains have also been observed, but further experimental work is required to determine the effects of these changes [].
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Publication
23091165 | J:190893
First Author: Siao CJ
Year: 2012
Journal: J Exp Med
Title: ProNGF, a cytokine induced after myocardial infarction in humans, targets pericytes to promote microvascular damage and activation.
Volume: 209
Issue: 12
Pages: 2291-305
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Publication
8397508 | J:135486
 
First Author: Benjannet S
Year: 1993
Journal: Biochem J
Title: Comparative biosynthesis, covalent post-translational modifications and efficiency of prosegment cleavage of the prohormone convertases PC1 and PC2: glycosylation, sulphation and identification of the intracellular site of prosegment cleavage of PC1 and PC2.
Volume: 294 ( Pt 3)
Pages: 735-43
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Protein
P29121
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 655  
Fragment?: false
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Protein
Q04592
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 1877  
Fragment?: false
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Protein
P21661
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 637  
Fragment?: false
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MouseMine is a collaboration between MGI at The Jackson Laboratory and the InterMine project at the Cambridge Systems Biology Centre. MouseMine is funded through a grant from the NIH/NHGRI.The Jackson Laboratory makes no representation about the suitability or accuracy of this software or data for any purpose, and makes no warranties, either express or implied, including merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose or that the use of this software or data will not infringe any third party patents, copyrights, trademarks, or other rights. the software and data are provided "as is". This software and data are provided to enhance knowledge and encourage progress in the scientific community and are to be used only for research and educational purposes. Any reproduction or use for commercial purpose is prohibited without the prior express written permission of the Jackson Laboratory.

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