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Search results 501 to 588 out of 588 for Mc4r

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0.044s
Type Details Score
Genotype
Symbol: Mc4r/Mc4r Tg(Sim1-cre)#Lowl/?
Background: involves: 129S4/SvJae * FVB
Zygosity: cn
Has Mutant Allele: true
Genotype
Symbol: Mc4r/Mc4r Slc17a6/Slc17a6<+>
Background: involves: 129S4/SvJaeSor * 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6 * FVB/N
Zygosity: cn
Has Mutant Allele: true
Genotype
Symbol: Mc4r/Mc4r Slc32a1/Slc32a1<+>
Background: involves: 129S4/SvJaeSor * 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6 * FVB/N
Zygosity: cn
Has Mutant Allele: true
Genotype
Symbol: Mc4r/Mc4r Oxt/Oxt<+>
Background: involves: 129S4/SvJaeSor * 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6
Zygosity: cn
Has Mutant Allele: true
Publication
First Author: Yang YK
Year: 1999
Journal: Mol Endocrinol
Title: Characterization of Agouti-related protein binding to melanocortin receptors.
Volume: 13
Issue: 1
Pages: 148-55
Protein
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 76  
Fragment?: true
Protein
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 70  
Fragment?: true
Publication
First Author: Voisey J
Year: 2002
Journal: Pigment Cell Res
Title: Agouti: from mouse to man, from skin to fat.
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Pages: 10-8
Publication
First Author: Kanetsky PA
Year: 2002
Journal: Am J Hum Genet
Title: A polymorphism in the agouti signaling protein gene is associated with human pigmentation.
Volume: 70
Issue: 3
Pages: 770-5
Publication  
First Author: Korolkova Y
Year: 2021
Journal: Toxins (Basel)
Title: New Insectotoxin from Tibellus Oblongus Spider Venom Presents Novel Adaptation of ICK Fold.
Volume: 13
Issue: 1
Protein Domain
Type: Family
Description: The agouti protein regulates pigmentation in the mouse hair follicle producing a black hair with a subapical yellow band. A highly homologous protein agouti signal protein (ASIP) is present in humans and is expressed at highest levels in adipose tissue where it may play a role in energy homeostasis and possibly human pigmentation [, ]. This family also includes the Agouti-related protein (Agrp), involved in energy balance, body weight regulation and metabolism. It interacts with melanocortin receptors MC3R, MC4R and MC5R [].This family also includes Toxin Tbo-IT2 from Oblong running crab spider, which contains an inhibitor cystine knot (ICK) fold with a spatial structure and very similar Cys distribution to agouti-signaling proteins (ASIP) and agouti-related proteins (AGRP) [].
Protein
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 131  
Fragment?: false
Protein
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 131  
Fragment?: false
Protein
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 131  
Fragment?: false
Protein
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 118  
Fragment?: true
Publication
First Author: Nonogaki K
Year: 2011
Journal: Biochem Biophys Res Commun
Title: The contribution of serotonin 5-HT2C and melanocortin-4 receptors to the satiety signaling of glucagon-like peptide 1 and liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, in mice.
Volume: 411
Issue: 2
Pages: 445-8
Publication
First Author: Löhr H
Year: 2018
Journal: Cell Rep
Title: Diet-Induced Growth Is Regulated via Acquired Leptin Resistance and Engages a Pomc-Somatostatin-Growth Hormone Circuit.
Volume: 23
Issue: 6
Pages: 1728-1741
Publication
First Author: Yeo GS
Year: 2000
Journal: QJM
Title: The role of melanocortin signalling in the control of body weight: evidence from human and murine genetic models.
Volume: 93
Issue: 1
Pages: 7-14
Publication
First Author: McNulty JC
Year: 2005
Journal: J Mol Biol
Title: Structures of the agouti signaling protein.
Volume: 346
Issue: 4
Pages: 1059-70
Publication
First Author: Voisey J
Year: 2003
Journal: Pigment Cell Res
Title: Agouti signal protein regulation in human melanoma cells.
Volume: 16
Issue: 1
Pages: 65-71
Publication
First Author: McNulty JC
Year: 2001
Journal: Biochemistry
Title: High-resolution NMR structure of the chemically-synthesized melanocortin receptor binding domain AGRP(87-132) of the agouti-related protein.
Volume: 40
Issue: 51
Pages: 15520-7
Publication
First Author: Wallingford N
Year: 2009
Journal: J Clin Invest
Title: Prolylcarboxypeptidase regulates food intake by inactivating alpha-MSH in rodents.
Volume: 119
Issue: 8
Pages: 2291-303
Genotype
Symbol: Mc4r/Mc4r Tg(Nes-cre)1Kln/?
Background: involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6 * SJL
Zygosity: cn
Has Mutant Allele: true
Genotype
Symbol: Mc4r/Mc4r Chat/Chat<+>
Background: involves: 129S4/SvJae * 129S6/SvEvTac
Zygosity: cn
Has Mutant Allele: true
Genotype
Symbol: Crh/Crh<+> Mc4r/Mc4r
Background: involves: 129S4/SvJaeSor * C57BL/6
Zygosity: cn
Has Mutant Allele: true
Genotype
Symbol: Mc4r/Mc4r Pdyn/Pdyn<+>
Background: involves: 129S4/SvJaeSor * 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6
Zygosity: cn
Has Mutant Allele: true
Genotype
Symbol: Gt(ROSA)26Sor/Gt(ROSA)26Sor<+> Mc4r/Mc4r
Background: involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6NCrl * FVB/N
Zygosity: cn
Has Mutant Allele: true
Protein Domain
Type: Homologous_superfamily
Description: The agouti signaling protein (ASIP or the agouti protein) and its neuropeptide homologue the agouti-related protein (AgRP) are paracrine signaling molecules that act as inverse agonists at distinct subsets of melanocortin receptors. ASIP antagonizes the binding of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) to melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), switching melanin synthesis from eumelanin (black/brown) to phaeomelanin (red/yellow). The effect of ASIP on pigment type-switching is responsible for a variety of coat color patterns accross a broad range of mammalian species. AgRP is involved in energy balance and acts normally at the MC3R and MC4R to control body weight regulation and metabolism [, ].Sequence similarity between ASIP and AgRP is confined to their Cys-rich C-terminal domains, which are also responsible for melanocortin receptor binding activity in vitro. Approximately 40 residues in length, there are ten cysteine residues in the C-terminal domain that form a network of five disulfide bonds. The agouti C-terminal domain contains a three-stranded antiparallel beta sheet, where the last two strands form a beta hairpin. The hairpin's turn region presents a triplet of residues (Arg-Phe-Phe) known to be essential for melanocortin receptor binding. The agouti C-terminal domain adopts the inhibitor cystine knot (ICK) or knottin fold identified in numerous invertebrate toxins [, ].The agouti domain covers the 10 cysteines involved in disulfide bonds.
Protein Domain
Type: Domain
Description: The agouti signaling protein (ASIP or the agouti protein) and its neuropeptide homologue the agouti-related protein (AgRP) are paracrine signaling molecules that act as inverse agonists at distinct subsets of melanocortin receptors. ASIP antagonizes the binding of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) to melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), switching melanin synthesis from eumelanin (black/brown) to phaeomelanin (red/yellow). The effect of ASIP on pigment type-switching is responsible for a variety of coat color patterns accross a broad range of mammalian species. AgRP is involved in energy balance and acts normally at the MC3R and MC4R to control body weight regulation and metabolism [, ].Sequence similarity between ASIP and AgRP is confined to their Cys-rich C-terminal domains, which are also responsible for melanocortin receptor binding activity in vitro. Approximately 40 residues in length, there are ten cysteine residues in the C-terminal domain that form a network of five disulfide bonds. The agouti C-terminal domain contains a three-stranded antiparallel beta sheet, where the last two strands form a beta hairpin. The hairpin's turn region presents a triplet of residues (Arg-Phe-Phe) known to be essential for melanocortin receptor binding. The agouti C-terminal domain adopts the inhibitor cystine knot (ICK) or knottin fold identified in numerous invertebrate toxins [, ].This entry represents the agouti domain which covers the 10 cysteines involved in disulfide bonds.
Publication
First Author: Byerly MS
Year: 2013
Journal: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol
Title: Identification of hypothalamic neuron-derived neurotrophic factor as a novel factor modulating appetite.
Volume: 304
Issue: 12
Pages: R1085-95
Publication
First Author: Suto J
Year: 2007
Journal: J Vet Med Sci
Title: The A y allele at the agouti locus enhances sensitivity to endotoxin-induced lethality in mice.
Volume: 69
Issue: 9
Pages: 931-7
Publication
First Author: Dietrich MO
Year: 2010
Journal: J Neurosci
Title: Agrp neurons mediate Sirt1's action on the melanocortin system and energy balance: roles for Sirt1 in neuronal firing and synaptic plasticity.
Volume: 30
Issue: 35
Pages: 11815-25
Publication
First Author: Li YQ
Year: 2016
Journal: J Clin Invest
Title: G(q/11)α and G(s)α mediate distinct physiological responses to central melanocortins.
Volume: 126
Issue: 1
Pages: 40-9
Publication
First Author: Chiappini F
Year: 2011
Journal: J Biol Chem
Title: Lack of cAMP-response element-binding protein 1 in the hypothalamus causes obesity.
Volume: 286
Issue: 10
Pages: 8094-105
Publication
First Author: Corander MP
Year: 2011
Journal: Endocrinology
Title: Loss of agouti-related peptide does not significantly impact the phenotype of murine POMC deficiency.
Volume: 152
Issue: 5
Pages: 1819-28
Publication
First Author: Lam BYH
Year: 2021
Journal: Nature
Title: MC3R links nutritional state to childhood growth and the timing of puberty.
Volume: 599
Issue: 7885
Pages: 436-441
Publication
First Author: Lippert RN
Year: 2014
Journal: Endocrinology
Title: Gender-specific roles for the melanocortin-3 receptor in the regulation of the mesolimbic dopamine system in mice.
Volume: 155
Issue: 5
Pages: 1718-27
Publication
First Author: Tung YC
Year: 2006
Journal: Endocrinology
Title: A comparative study of the central effects of specific proopiomelancortin (POMC)-derived melanocortin peptides on food intake and body weight in pomc null mice.
Volume: 147
Issue: 12
Pages: 5940-7
Publication
First Author: Kublaoui BM
Year: 2008
Journal: Mol Endocrinol
Title: Oxytocin deficiency mediates hyperphagic obesity of Sim1 haploinsufficient mice.
Volume: 22
Issue: 7
Pages: 1723-34
Publication
First Author: Kublaoui BM
Year: 2006
Journal: Mol Endocrinol
Title: Sim1 haploinsufficiency impairs melanocortin-mediated anorexia and activation of paraventricular nucleus neurons.
Volume: 20
Issue: 10
Pages: 2483-92
Publication
First Author: Cawley NX
Year: 2010
Journal: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab
Title: Obese carboxypeptidase E knockout mice exhibit multiple defects in peptide hormone processing contributing to low bone mineral density.
Volume: 299
Issue: 2
Pages: E189-97
Publication  
First Author: Griffin H
Year: 2022
Journal: Int J Mol Sci
Title: Liraglutide Counteracts Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Palmitate-Treated Hypothalamic Neurons without Restoring Mitochondrial Homeostasis.
Volume: 24
Issue: 1
Publication
First Author: Yoon YR
Year: 2015
Journal: Endocrinol Metab (Seoul)
Title: Melanocortin 4 Receptor and Dopamine D2 Receptor Expression in Brain Areas Involved in Food Intake.
Volume: 30
Issue: 4
Pages: 576-83
Publication  
First Author: Mountjoy KG
Year: 2018
Journal: Mol Metab
Title: Desacetyl-α-melanocyte stimulating hormone and α-melanocyte stimulating hormone are required to regulate energy balance.
Volume: 9
Pages: 207-216
Publication
First Author: Getting SJ
Year: 2006
Journal: Mol Pharmacol
Title: [D-Trp8]-gamma-melanocyte-stimulating hormone exhibits anti-inflammatory efficacy in mice bearing a nonfunctional MC1R (recessive yellow e/e mouse).
Volume: 70
Issue: 6
Pages: 1850-5
Publication  
First Author: Hossain MS
Year: 2016
Journal: Sci Rep
Title: Identification of mutations through dominant screening for obesity using C57BL/6 substrains.
Volume: 6
Pages: 32453
Publication
First Author: Matsumura S
Year: 2022
Journal: FASEB J
Title: CRTC1 deficiency, specifically in melanocortin-4 receptor-expressing cells, induces hyperphagia, obesity, and insulin resistance.
Volume: 36
Issue: 12
Pages: e22645
Publication
First Author: Liu Y
Year: 2016
Journal: Endocrinology
Title: Lipopolysacharide Rapidly and Completely Suppresses AgRP Neuron-Mediated Food Intake in Male Mice.
Volume: 157
Issue: 6
Pages: 2380-92
Genotype
Symbol: Crh/Crh<+> Mc4r/Mc4r Oxt/Oxt<+>
Background: involves: 129S4/SvJaeSor * C57BL/6
Zygosity: cn
Has Mutant Allele: true
Publication
First Author: Sheffer-Babila S
Year: 2013
Journal: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab
Title: Agouti-related peptide plays a critical role in leptin's effects on female puberty and reproduction.
Volume: 305
Issue: 12
Pages: E1512-20
Publication
First Author: da Silva AA
Year: 2018
Journal: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol
Title: Control of appetite, blood glucose, and blood pressure during melanocortin-4 receptor activation in normoglycemic and diabetic NPY-deficient mice.
Volume: 314
Issue: 4
Pages: R533-R539
Publication
First Author: Tucker K
Year: 2008
Journal: Int J Obes (Lond)
Title: Kv1.3 gene-targeted deletion alters longevity and reduces adiposity by increasing locomotion and metabolism in melanocortin-4 receptor-null mice.
Volume: 32
Issue: 8
Pages: 1222-32
Publication
First Author: Iqbal NJ
Year: 2021
Journal: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab
Title: Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors require an arcuate-to-paraventricular hypothalamus melanocortin circuit to treat diet-induced obesity.
Volume: 320
Issue: 3
Pages: E467-E474
Publication
First Author: An JJ
Year: 2020
Journal: Nat Commun
Title: TrkB-expressing paraventricular hypothalamic neurons suppress appetite through multiple neurocircuits.
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Pages: 1729
Publication
First Author: Delhanty PJ
Year: 2014
Journal: Mol Biol Rep
Title: Functional characterization of a new human melanocortin-4 receptor homozygous mutation (N72K) that is associated with early-onset obesity.
Volume: 41
Issue: 12
Pages: 7967-72
Publication
First Author: Xu Y
Year: 2020
Journal: Cell Mol Life Sci
Title: Melanocortin 5 receptor signaling pathway in health and disease.
Volume: 77
Issue: 19
Pages: 3831-3840
Publication
First Author: Farooqi IS
Year: 2003
Journal: N Engl J Med
Title: Clinical spectrum of obesity and mutations in the melanocortin 4 receptor gene.
Volume: 348
Issue: 12
Pages: 1085-95
Publication
First Author: Sebag JA
Year: 2013
Journal: Science
Title: Developmental control of the melanocortin-4 receptor by MRAP2 proteins in zebrafish.
Volume: 341
Issue: 6143
Pages: 278-81
Protein Domain
Type: Family
Description: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute a vast protein family that encompasses a wide range of functions, including various autocrine, paracrine and endocrine processes. They show considerable diversity at the sequence level, on the basis of which they can be separated into distinct groups []. The term clan can be used to describe the GPCRs, as they embrace a group of families for which there are indications of evolutionary relationship, but between which there is no statistically significant similarity in sequence []. The currently known clan members include rhodopsin-like GPCRs (Class A, GPCRA), secretin-like GPCRs (Class B, GPCRB), metabotropic glutamate receptor family (Class C, GPCRC), fungal mating pheromone receptors (Class D, GPCRD), cAMP receptors (Class E, GPCRE) and frizzled/smoothened (Class F, GPCRF) [, , , , ]. GPCRs are major drug targets, and are consequently the subject of considerable research interest. It has been reported that the repertoire of GPCRs for endogenous ligands consists of approximately 400 receptors in humans and mice []. Most GPCRs are identified on the basis of their DNA sequences, rather than the ligand they bind, those that are unmatched to known natural ligands are designated by as orphan GPCRs, or unclassified GPCRs [].The rhodopsin-like GPCRs (GPCRA) represent a widespread protein family that includes hormone, neurotransmitter and light receptors, all of which transduce extracellular signals through interaction with guanine nucleotide-binding (G) proteins. Although their activating ligands vary widely in structure and character, the amino acid sequences of the receptors are very similar and are believed to adopt a common structural framework comprising 7 transmembrane (TM) helices [, , ].Adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH), melanocyte-stimulating hormones (MSH) andbeta-endorphin are peptide products of pituitary pro-opiomelanocortin.ACTH regulates synthesis and release of glucocorticoids and aldosteronein the adrenal cortex; it also has a trophic action on these cells.ACTH and beta-endorphin are synthesised and released in response tocorticotrophin-releasing factor at times of stress (heat, cold, infections,etc.) - their release leads to increased metabolism and analgesia.MSH has a trophic action on melanocytes, and regulates pigment productionin fish and amphibia. The ACTH receptor is found in high levels inthe adrenal cortex - binding sites are present in lower levels in theCNS. The MSH receptor is expressed in high levels in melanocytes,melanomas and their derived cell lines. Receptors are found in lowlevels in the CNS. MSH regulates temperature control in the septal regionof the brain and releases prolactin from the pituitary.This entry represents Melanocortin receptor 3-5 (MC3-5R) from chordates. These protein are receptors for MSH (alpha, beta and gamma) and ACTH. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylate cyclase. MC3R is required for expression of anticipatory patterns of activity and wakefulness during periods of limited nutrient availability and for the normal regulation of circadian clock activity in the brain []. MC4R plays a central role in energy homeostasis and somatic growth [, , ]. MC5R is a possible mediator of the immunomodulation properties of melanocortins, playing a role in immune reaction and inflammatory response as well as in the regulation of sexual behaviour, thermoregulation, and exocrine secretion [].
Publication  
First Author: Cravo RM
Year: 2011
Journal: Neuroscience
Title: Characterization of Kiss1 neurons using transgenic mouse models.
Volume: 173
Pages: 37-56
Publication
First Author: An JJ
Year: 2015
Journal: Cell Metab
Title: Discrete BDNF Neurons in the Paraventricular Hypothalamus Control Feeding and Energy Expenditure.
Volume: 22
Issue: 1
Pages: 175-88
Protein
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 136  
Fragment?: true
Protein
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 136  
Fragment?: true
Protein
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 136  
Fragment?: true
Protein
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 136  
Fragment?: true
Protein
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 136  
Fragment?: true
Protein
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 136  
Fragment?: true
Protein
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 136  
Fragment?: true
Protein
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 136  
Fragment?: true
Protein
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 136  
Fragment?: true
Protein
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 323  
Fragment?: false
Protein
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 332  
Fragment?: false
Protein
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 325  
Fragment?: false
Protein
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 372  
Fragment?: false
Protein
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 323  
Fragment?: false
Protein
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 372  
Fragment?: false
Protein
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 323  
Fragment?: false
Protein
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 332  
Fragment?: false
Publication  
First Author: Birnbaumer L
Year: 1990
Journal: Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol
Title: G proteins in signal transduction.
Volume: 30
Pages: 675-705
Publication
First Author: Casey PJ
Year: 1988
Journal: J Biol Chem
Title: G protein involvement in receptor-effector coupling.
Volume: 263
Issue: 6
Pages: 2577-80
Publication
First Author: Attwood TK
Year: 1993
Journal: Protein Eng
Title: Design of a discriminating fingerprint for G-protein-coupled receptors.
Volume: 6
Issue: 2
Pages: 167-76
Publication
First Author: Vassilatis DK
Year: 2003
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Title: The G protein-coupled receptor repertoires of human and mouse.
Volume: 100
Issue: 8
Pages: 4903-8
Publication
First Author: Attwood TK
Year: 1994
Journal: Protein Eng
Title: Fingerprinting G-protein-coupled receptors.
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Pages: 195-203
Publication
First Author: Kolakowski LF Jr
Year: 1994
Journal: Receptors Channels
Title: GCRDb: a G-protein-coupled receptor database.
Volume: 2
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-7
Publication
First Author: Foord SM
Year: 2005
Journal: Pharmacol Rev
Title: International Union of Pharmacology. XLVI. G protein-coupled receptor list.
Volume: 57
Issue: 2
Pages: 279-88
Publication
First Author: Harmar AJ
Year: 2009
Journal: Nucleic Acids Res
Title: IUPHAR-DB: the IUPHAR database of G protein-coupled receptors and ion channels.
Volume: 37
Issue: Database issue
Pages: D680-5
Publication
First Author: Bjarnadóttir TK
Year: 2006
Journal: Genomics
Title: Comprehensive repertoire and phylogenetic analysis of the G protein-coupled receptors in human and mouse.
Volume: 88
Issue: 3
Pages: 263-73
Publication  
First Author: Civelli O
Year: 2013
Journal: Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol
Title: G protein-coupled receptor deorphanizations.
Volume: 53
Pages: 127-46