Type |
Details |
Score |
Publication |
First Author: |
Doucet-Beaupré H |
Year: |
2016 |
Journal: |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Title: |
Lmx1a and Lmx1b regulate mitochondrial functions and survival of adult midbrain dopaminergic neurons. |
Volume: |
113 |
Issue: |
30 |
Pages: |
E4387-96 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Wang F |
Year: |
2017 |
Journal: |
Nat Commun |
Title: |
Protein kinase C-alpha suppresses autophagy and induces neural tube defects via miR-129-2 in diabetic pregnancy. |
Volume: |
8 |
|
Pages: |
15182 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Ferder IC |
Year: |
2019 |
Journal: |
PLoS Genet |
Title: |
Meiotic gatekeeper STRA8 suppresses autophagy by repressing Nr1d1 expression during spermatogenesis in mice. |
Volume: |
15 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
e1008084 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Li H |
Year: |
2022 |
Journal: |
Cell Rep |
Title: |
Destabilization of TP53 by USP10 is essential for neonatal autophagy and survival. |
Volume: |
41 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
111435 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Yan W |
Year: |
2024 |
Journal: |
Commun Biol |
Title: |
Loss of Mptx2 alters bacteria composition and intestinal homeostasis potentially by impairing autophagy. |
Volume: |
7 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
94 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Steinmetz CC |
Year: |
2016 |
Journal: |
Cell Rep |
Title: |
Upregulation of μ3A Drives Homeostatic Plasticity by Rerouting AMPAR into the Recycling Endosomal Pathway. |
Volume: |
16 |
Issue: |
10 |
Pages: |
2711-2722 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
He MY |
Year: |
2016 |
Journal: |
Open Biol |
Title: |
Nrf2 signalling and autophagy are involved in diabetes mellitus-induced defects in the development of mouse placenta. |
Volume: |
6 |
Issue: |
7 |
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Norlin S |
Year: |
2018 |
Journal: |
Development |
Title: |
The ATPase activity of Asna1/TRC40 is required for pancreatic progenitor cell survival. |
Volume: |
145 |
Issue: |
1 |
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Martinez-Lopez N |
Year: |
2013 |
Journal: |
EMBO Rep |
Title: |
Autophagy in Myf5+ progenitors regulates energy and glucose homeostasis through control of brown fat and skeletal muscle development. |
Volume: |
14 |
Issue: |
9 |
Pages: |
795-803 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Yang J |
Year: |
2021 |
Journal: |
Sci Signal |
Title: |
Augmented BMP signaling commits cranial neural crest cells to a chondrogenic fate by suppressing autophagic β-catenin degradation. |
Volume: |
14 |
Issue: |
665 |
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Papanicolaou KN |
Year: |
2012 |
Journal: |
Circ Res |
Title: |
Mitofusins 1 and 2 are essential for postnatal metabolic remodeling in heart. |
Volume: |
111 |
Issue: |
8 |
Pages: |
1012-26 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Pérez-Estrada JR |
Year: |
2019 |
Journal: |
Free Radic Biol Med |
Title: |
Reduced lifespan of mice lacking catalase correlates with altered lipid metabolism without oxidative damage or premature aging. |
Volume: |
135 |
|
Pages: |
102-115 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Hughes DS |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
BMC Dev Biol |
Title: |
Extensive molecular differences between anterior- and posterior-half-sclerotomes underlie somite polarity and spinal nerve segmentation. |
Volume: |
9 |
|
Pages: |
30 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Luo L |
Year: |
2020 |
Journal: |
Neuron |
Title: |
Optimizing Nervous System-Specific Gene Targeting with Cre Driver Lines: Prevalence of Germline Recombination and Influencing Factors. |
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•
•
•
•
•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Shanghai Model Organisms Center |
Year: |
2017 |
Journal: |
MGI Direct Data Submission |
Title: |
Information obtained from the Shanghai Model Organisms Center (SMOC), Shanghai, China |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Collin GB |
Year: |
2020 |
Journal: |
Cells |
Title: |
Mouse Models of Inherited Retinal Degeneration with Photoreceptor Cell Loss. |
Volume: |
9 |
Issue: |
4 |
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
The Jackson Laboratory |
Year: |
2005 |
Journal: |
Unpublished |
Title: |
Information obtained from The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME |
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Birgit Meldal and Sandra Orchard (1). (1) European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI), Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom |
Year: |
2023 |
|
Title: |
Manual transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to homologous complexes by curator judgment of sequence, composition and function similarity |
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Ko MS |
Year: |
2000 |
Journal: |
Development |
Title: |
Large-scale cDNA analysis reveals phased gene expression patterns during preimplantation mouse development. |
Volume: |
127 |
Issue: |
8 |
Pages: |
1737-49 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2001 |
|
Title: |
Gene Ontology Annotation by the MGI Curatorial Staff |
|
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|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2002 |
|
Title: |
FANTOM2 Data Curation in Mouse Genome Informatics |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
The Gene Ontology Consortium |
Year: |
2016 |
|
Title: |
Automatic assignment of GO terms using logical inference, based on on inter-ontology links |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2002 |
|
Title: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Computational Sequence to Gene Associations for FANTOM2 data |
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|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Stryke D |
Year: |
2003 |
Journal: |
Nucleic Acids Res |
Title: |
BayGenomics: a resource of insertional mutations in mouse embryonic stem cells. |
Volume: |
31 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
278-81 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Lennon G |
Year: |
1999 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
WashU-HHMI Mouse EST Project |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Hansen GM |
Year: |
2008 |
Journal: |
Genome Res |
Title: |
Large-scale gene trapping in C57BL/6N mouse embryonic stem cells. |
Volume: |
18 |
Issue: |
10 |
Pages: |
1670-9 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
The Gene Ontology Consortium |
Year: |
2014 |
|
Title: |
Automated transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to mouse-rat orthologs |
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|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Magdaleno S |
Year: |
2006 |
Journal: |
PLoS Biol |
Title: |
BGEM: an in situ hybridization database of gene expression in the embryonic and adult mouse nervous system. |
Volume: |
4 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
e86 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2003 |
|
Title: |
MGI Sequence Curation Reference |
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|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Kawai J |
Year: |
2001 |
Journal: |
Nature |
Title: |
Functional annotation of a full-length mouse cDNA collection. |
Volume: |
409 |
Issue: |
6821 |
Pages: |
685-90 |
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
MGD Nomenclature Committee |
Year: |
1995 |
|
Title: |
Nomenclature Committee Use |
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|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Zambrowicz BP |
Year: |
2003 |
Journal: |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Title: |
Wnk1 kinase deficiency lowers blood pressure in mice: a gene-trap screen to identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention. |
Volume: |
100 |
Issue: |
24 |
Pages: |
14109-14 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
GemPharmatech |
Year: |
2020 |
|
Title: |
GemPharmatech Website. |
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) |
Year: |
2008 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
Mouse Gene Trap Data Load from dbGSS |
|
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|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Cyagen Biosciences Inc. |
Year: |
2022 |
|
Title: |
Cyagen Biosciences Website. |
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
AgBase, BHF-UCL, Parkinson's UK-UCL, dictyBase, HGNC, Roslin Institute, FlyBase and UniProtKB curators |
Year: |
2011 |
|
Title: |
Manual transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to orthologs by curator judgment of sequence similarity |
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|
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
GOA curators |
Year: |
2016 |
|
Title: |
Automatic transfer of experimentally verified manual GO annotation data to orthologs using Ensembl Compara |
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
The Jackson Laboratory Mouse Radiation Hybrid Database |
Year: |
2004 |
Journal: |
Database Release |
Title: |
Mouse T31 Radiation Hybrid Data Load |
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|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Okazaki Y |
Year: |
2002 |
Journal: |
Nature |
Title: |
Analysis of the mouse transcriptome based on functional annotation of 60,770 full-length cDNAs. |
Volume: |
420 |
Issue: |
6915 |
Pages: |
563-73 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
The Gene Ontology Consortium |
Year: |
2010 |
|
Title: |
Automated transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to mouse-human orthologs |
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Diez-Roux G |
Year: |
2011 |
Journal: |
PLoS Biol |
Title: |
A high-resolution anatomical atlas of the transcriptome in the mouse embryo. |
Volume: |
9 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
e1000582 |
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2002 |
|
Title: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Computational Sequence to Gene Associations |
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|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
Mouse Microarray Data Integration in Mouse Genome Informatics, the Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Genome U74 Array Platform (A, B, C v2). |
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•
•
•
•
•
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Publication |
First Author: |
MGI Genome Annotation Group and UniGene Staff |
Year: |
2015 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
MGI-UniGene Interconnection Effort |
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•
•
•
•
•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Marc Feuermann, Huaiyu Mi, Pascale Gaudet, Dustin Ebert, Anushya Muruganujan, Paul Thomas |
Year: |
2010 |
|
Title: |
Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees |
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|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Database and National Center for Biotechnology Information |
Year: |
2000 |
Journal: |
Database Release |
Title: |
Entrez Gene Load |
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|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Allen Institute for Brain Science |
Year: |
2004 |
Journal: |
Allen Institute |
Title: |
Allen Brain Atlas: mouse riboprobes |
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|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
Mouse Microarray Data Integration in Mouse Genome Informatics, the Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Gene 1.0 ST Array Platform |
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) and The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
Consensus CDS project |
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|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Group |
Year: |
2003 |
Journal: |
Database Procedure |
Title: |
Automatic Encodes (AutoE) Reference |
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•
•
•
•
•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Bairoch A |
Year: |
1999 |
Journal: |
Database Release |
Title: |
SWISS-PROT Annotated protein sequence database |
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|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2005 |
|
Title: |
Obtaining and Loading Genome Assembly Coordinates from Ensembl Annotations |
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|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
Database Release |
Title: |
Protein Ontology Association Load. |
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|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2005 |
|
Title: |
Obtaining and loading genome assembly coordinates from NCBI annotations |
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|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
Mouse Microarray Data Integration in Mouse Genome Informatics, the Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array Platform |
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Keil E |
Year: |
2013 |
Journal: |
Cell Death Differ |
Title: |
Phosphorylation of Atg5 by the Gadd45β-MEKK4-p38 pathway inhibits autophagy. |
Volume: |
20 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
321-32 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Guo H |
Year: |
2017 |
Journal: |
Dev Cell |
Title: |
Atg5 Disassociates the V1V0-ATPase to Promote Exosome Production and Tumor Metastasis Independent of Canonical Macroautophagy. |
Volume: |
43 |
Issue: |
6 |
Pages: |
716-730.e7 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Xie X |
Year: |
2019 |
Journal: |
Sci Adv |
Title: |
The immunoproteasome catalytic β5i subunit regulates cardiac hypertrophy by targeting the autophagy protein ATG5 for degradation. |
Volume: |
5 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
eaau0495 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
He Z |
Year: |
2013 |
Journal: |
Cell Death Differ |
Title: |
p73 regulates autophagy and hepatocellular lipid metabolism through a transcriptional activation of the ATG5 gene. |
Volume: |
20 |
Issue: |
10 |
Pages: |
1415-24 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Ji L |
Year: |
2020 |
Journal: |
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci |
Title: |
Immunosubunit β5i Knockout Suppresses Neovascularization and Restores Autophagy in Retinal Neovascularization by Targeting ATG5 for Degradation. |
Volume: |
61 |
Issue: |
14 |
Pages: |
30 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
DO Term |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Interaction Experiment |
Description: |
ATG5 is required for B cell polarization and presentation of particulate antigens. |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Interaction Experiment |
Description: |
The ATG5 interactome links clathrin-mediated vesicular trafficking with the autophagosome assembly machinery. |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Allele |
Name: |
autophagy related 5; endonuclease-mediated mutation 2, Shanghai Model Organisms Center |
Allele Type: |
Endonuclease-mediated |
Attribute String: |
Null/knockout |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Strain |
Attribute String: |
coisogenic, mutant strain, endonuclease-mediated mutation |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Allele |
Name: |
transgene insertion 1, Noboru Mizushima |
Allele Type: |
Transgenic |
Attribute String: |
Inserted expressed sequence, Reporter |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Baines K |
Year: |
2022 |
Journal: |
Autophagy Rep |
Title: |
The ATG5 interactome links clathrin-mediated vesicular trafficking with the autophagosome assembly machinery. |
Volume: |
1 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
88-118 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Strain |
Attribute String: |
mutant strain, coisogenic, transgenic |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Allele |
Name: |
collagen, type I, alpha 1; targeted mutation 1, Masashi Narita |
Allele Type: |
Targeted |
Attribute String: |
Inducible, Knockdown, Reporter, RMCE-ready |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Fujita N |
Year: |
2008 |
Journal: |
Mol Biol Cell |
Title: |
The Atg16L complex specifies the site of LC3 lipidation for membrane biogenesis in autophagy. |
Volume: |
19 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
2092-100 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Zhu X |
Year: |
2015 |
Journal: |
J Clin Invest |
Title: |
Cytosolic HMGB1 controls the cellular autophagy/apoptosis checkpoint during inflammation. |
Volume: |
125 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
1098-110 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mizushima N |
Year: |
1998 |
Journal: |
J Biol Chem |
Title: |
A new protein conjugation system in human. The counterpart of the yeast Apg12p conjugation system essential for autophagy. |
Volume: |
273 |
Issue: |
51 |
Pages: |
33889-92 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Domain |
Type: |
Family |
Description: |
Macroautophagy is a bulk degradation process induced by starvation in eukaryotic cells. In yeast, 15 Atg proteins coordinate the formation of autophagosomes. The pre-autophagosomal structure contains at least five Atg proteins: Atg1p, Atg2p, Atg5p, Aut7p/Atg8p and Atg16p, found in the vacuole [, ]. The C-terminal glycine of Atg12p is conjugated to a lysine residue of Atg5p via an isopeptide bond. During autophagy, cytoplasmic components are enclosed in autophagosomes and delivered to lysosomes/vacuoles. Autophagy protein 16 (Atg16) has been shown to bind to Atg5 and is required for the function of the Atg12p-Atg5p conjugate []. Autophagy protein 5 (Atg5) is directly required for the import of aminopeptidase I via the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting pathway [].This entry represents the C-terminal domain of Atg12, which is covalently bound to Atg5 []. |
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Cassidy LD |
Year: |
2020 |
Journal: |
Nat Commun |
Title: |
Temporal inhibition of autophagy reveals segmental reversal of ageing with increased cancer risk. |
Volume: |
11 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
307 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
141
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
154
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
81
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
922
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
215
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
314
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
839
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
176
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
211
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
47
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
278
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
187
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
492
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
847
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Noda T |
Year: |
2008 |
Journal: |
Autophagy |
Title: |
The Ubi brothers reunited. |
Volume: |
4 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
540-1 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Yamada Y |
Year: |
2007 |
Journal: |
J Biol Chem |
Title: |
The crystal structure of Atg3, an autophagy-related ubiquitin carrier protein (E2) enzyme that mediates Atg8 lipidation. |
Volume: |
282 |
Issue: |
11 |
Pages: |
8036-43 |
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•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Flanagan MD |
Year: |
2013 |
Journal: |
Cell Cycle |
Title: |
An Atg10-like E2 enzyme is essential for cell cycle progression but not autophagy in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. |
Volume: |
12 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
271-7 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Noda T |
Year: |
2000 |
Journal: |
J Cell Biol |
Title: |
Apg9p/Cvt7p is an integral membrane protein required for transport vesicle formation in the Cvt and autophagy pathways. |
Volume: |
148 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
465-80 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Matoba K |
Year: |
2020 |
Journal: |
Nat Struct Mol Biol |
Title: |
Atg9 is a lipid scramblase that mediates autophagosomal membrane expansion. |
Volume: |
27 |
Issue: |
12 |
Pages: |
1185-1193 |
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•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Zhang H |
Year: |
2013 |
Journal: |
Autophagy |
Title: |
The two C. elegans ATG-16 homologs have partially redundant functions in the basal autophagy pathway. |
Volume: |
9 |
Issue: |
12 |
Pages: |
1965-74 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Wu F |
Year: |
2015 |
Journal: |
Mol Cell |
Title: |
Structural Basis of the Differential Function of the Two C. elegans Atg8 Homologs, LGG-1 and LGG-2, in Autophagy. |
Volume: |
60 |
Issue: |
6 |
Pages: |
914-29 |
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Protein Domain |
Type: |
Family |
Description: |
This entry represents a group of ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzymes, including Atg3 and Atg10.Atg3 is the E2 enzyme for the LC3 lipidation process []. It is essential for autophagocytosis. The super protein complex, the Atg16L complex, consists of multiple Atg12-Atg5 conjugates. Atg16L has an E3-like role in the LC3 lipidation reaction. The activated intermediate, LC3-Atg3 (E2), is recruited to the site where the lipidation takes place []. Atg3 catalyses the conjugation of Atg8 and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Atg3 has an alpha/β-fold, and its core region is topologically similar to canonical E2 enzymes. Atg3 has two regions inserted in the core region and another with a long α-helical structure that protrudes from the core region as far as 30 A []. It interacts with atg8 through an intermediate thioester bond between Cys-288 and the C-terminal Gly of atg8. It also interacts with the C-terminal region of the E1-like atg7 enzyme.Atg10 acts as an E2-like enzyme that catalyzes the conjugation of ATG12 to ATG5 []. |
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Protein Domain |
Type: |
Family |
Description: |
Macroautophagy is a bulk degradation process induced by starvation in eukaryotic cells. In yeast, 15 Atg proteins coordinate the formation of autophagosomes. The pre-autophagosomal structure contains at least five Atg proteins: Atg1p, Atg2p, Atg5p, Aut7p/Atg8p and Atg16p, found in the vacuole [, ]. The C-terminal glycine of Atg12p is conjugated to a lysine residue of Atg5p via an isopeptide bond. During autophagy, cytoplasmic components are enclosed in autophagosomes and delivered to lysosomes/vacuoles. Autophagy protein 16 (Atg16) has been shown to bind to Atg5 and is required for the function of the Atg12p-Atg5p conjugate []. Autophagy protein 5 (Atg5) is directly required for the import of aminopeptidase I via the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting pathway [].Atg9 plays a direct role in the formation of the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting and autophagic vesicles. It colocalizes with Atg2 at the expanding edge of the isolation membrane and acts as a lipid scramblase that translocates phospholipids delivered by Atg2 from the cytoplasmic to the luminal leaflet [, ]. |
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Protein Domain |
Type: |
Family |
Description: |
Macroautophagy is a bulk degradation process induced by starvation in eukaryotic cells. In yeast, 15 Atg proteins coordinate the formation of autophagosomes. The pre-autophagosomal structure contains at least five Atg proteins: Atg1p, Atg2p, Atg5p, Aut7p/Atg8p and Atg16p, found in the vacuole [, ]. The C-terminal glycine of Atg12p is conjugated to a lysine residue of Atg5p via an isopeptide bond. During autophagy, cytoplasmic components are enclosed in autophagosomes and delivered to lysosomes/vacuoles. Autophagy protein 16 (Atg16) has been shown to bind to Atg5 and is required for the function of the Atg12p-Atg5p conjugate []. Autophagy protein 5 (Atg5) is directly required for the import of aminopeptidase I via the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting pathway [].Autophagy protein 17 (Atg17) forms complex with Atg29 and Atg31, and this complex is critical for both PAS (preautophagosomal structure) formation and autophagy []. |
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Protein Domain |
Type: |
Domain |
Description: |
Macroautophagy is a bulk degradation process induced by starvation in eukaryotic cells. In yeast, 15 Atg proteins coordinate the formation of autophagosomes. The pre-autophagosomal structure contains at least five Atg proteins: Atg1p, Atg2p, Atg5p, Aut7p/Atg8p and Atg16p, found in the vacuole [, ]. The C-terminal glycine of Atg12p is conjugated to a lysine residue of Atg5p via an isopeptide bond. During autophagy, cytoplasmic components are enclosed in autophagosomes and delivered to lysosomes/vacuoles. Autophagy protein 16 (Atg16) has been shown to bind to Atg5 and is required for the function of the Atg12p-Atg5p conjugate []. Autophagy protein 5 (Atg5) is directly required for the import of aminopeptidase I via the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting pathway [].This entry represents autophagy protein 16 (Apg16), which is required for the function of the Apg12p-Apg5p conjugate. |
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Protein Domain |
Type: |
Family |
Description: |
Macroautophagy is a bulk degradation process induced by starvation in eukaryotic cells. In yeast, 15 Atg proteins coordinate the formation of autophagosomes. The pre-autophagosomal structure contains at least five Atg proteins: Atg1p, Atg2p, Atg5p, Aut7p/Atg8p and Atg16p, found in the vacuole [, ]. The C-terminal glycine of Atg12p is conjugated to a lysine residue of Atg5p via an isopeptide bond. During autophagy, cytoplasmic components are enclosed in autophagosomes and delivered to lysosomes/vacuoles. Autophagy protein 16 (Atg16) has been shown to bind to Atg5 and is required for the function of the Atg12p-Atg5p conjugate []. Autophagy protein 5 (Atg5) is directly required for the import of aminopeptidase I via the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting pathway [].This entry includes ATG16-1 and ATG16-2 [, ]. |
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