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Search results 901 to 1000 out of 1143 for Gla

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Categories

Hits by Pathway

Hits by Category

Hits by Strain

Type Details Score
Strain
MGI:7591608 | C57BL/6J-Prrg3<em1Cya>/Cya
Attribute String: coisogenic, endonuclease-mediated mutation, mutant strain
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Strain
MGI:7591836 | C57BL/6J-Prrg4<em1Cya>/Cya
Attribute String: coisogenic, endonuclease-mediated mutation, mutant strain
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Genotype
Genotype
Symbol: Prrg2/Prrg2
Background: C57BL/6N-Prrg2/Wtsi
Zygosity: hm
Has Mutant Allele: true
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Genotype
Genotype
Symbol: Prrg4/Prrg4
Background: C57BL/6NCrl-Prrg4/MbpMmucd
Zygosity: hm
Has Mutant Allele: true
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Protein
Q08761
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 675  
Fragment?: false
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Protein
Q61592
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 674  
Fragment?: false
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Protein
Q3TR66
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 675  
Fragment?: false
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Protein
D3Z215
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 321  
Fragment?: false
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Protein
Q80Y26
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 340  
Fragment?: false
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Protein
D3Z521
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 319  
Fragment?: false
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Publication
8342023 | J:17644
First Author: Tashiro K
Year: 1993
Journal: Science
Title: Signal sequence trap: a cloning strategy for secreted proteins and type I membrane proteins.
Volume: 261
Issue: 5121
Pages: 600-3
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Publication
15976027 | J:99866
First Author: Sabbagh Y
Year: 2005
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Title: Hypophosphatemia leads to rickets by impairing caspase-mediated apoptosis of hypertrophic chondrocytes.
Volume: 102
Issue: 27
Pages: 9637-42
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Publication
9182762 | J:40781
First Author: Ducy P
Year: 1997
Journal: Cell
Title: Osf2/Cbfa1: a transcriptional activator of osteoblast differentiation.
Volume: 89
Issue: 5
Pages: 747-54
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Protein
P33587
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 460  
Fragment?: false
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Protein
O88947
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 481  
Fragment?: false
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Protein
Q3TDB9
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 492  
Fragment?: true
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Protein
Q4FJS7
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 481  
Fragment?: false
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Protein
Q3TBR2
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 481  
Fragment?: false
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Protein
Q3U3V1
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 493  
Fragment?: false
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Protein
Q3U2F0
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 234  
Fragment?: false
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Genotype
Genotype
Symbol: Gla/?
Background: involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6
Zygosity: ot
Has Mutant Allele: true
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Genotype
Genotype
Symbol: Gla/Gla Tg(CAG-A4GALT)#Sais/?
Background: involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6 * C57BL/6JJms
Zygosity: cx
Has Mutant Allele: true
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Genotype
Genotype
Symbol: Gla/? Tg(CAG-A4GALT)#Sais/?
Background: involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6 * C57BL/6JJms
Zygosity: cx
Has Mutant Allele: true
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DO Term
DOID:14499 | Fabry disease
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Strain
MGI:5557335 | B6NTac;B6N-A<tm1Brd> Prrg2<tm1a(EUCOMM)Wtsi>/WtsiH
Attribute String: mutant strain, targeted mutation, coisogenic
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Strain
MGI:6143137 | C57BL/6N-A<tm1Brd> Prrg2<tm1a(EUCOMM)Wtsi>/Mmucd
Attribute String: mutant strain, coisogenic, targeted mutation
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Genotype
Genotype
Symbol: Mgp/Mgp Spp1/Spp1
Background: involves: Black Swiss * C57BL/6J
Zygosity: cx
Has Mutant Allele: true
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Genotype
Genotype
Symbol: Eln/Eln<+> Mgp/Mgp
Background: involves: 129S1/Sv * 129S7/SvEvBrd * 129X1/SvJ
Zygosity: cx
Has Mutant Allele: true
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Protein
P70375
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 446  
Fragment?: false
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Protein
Q542C2
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 446  
Fragment?: false
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Protein
P16294
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 471  
Fragment?: false
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Protein
A0JLY3
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 470  
Fragment?: true
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Publication
12514121 | J:118511
First Author: Nakamura M
Year: 2003
Journal: FASEB J
Title: Control of pelage hair follicle development and cycling by complex interactions between follistatin and activin.
Volume: 17
Issue: 3
Pages: 497-9
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Protein Domain
IPR000294 | GLA_domain
Type: Domain
Description: The GLA (gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-rich) domain contains glutamate residues that have been post-translationally modified by vitamin K-dependent carboxylation to form gamma-carboxyglutamate (Gla) [, , ]. All glutamic acid (Glu) residues present in the GLA domain are potential carboxylation sites; in coagulation proteins, all Gu residues are modified to Gla, while in osteocalcin and matrix Gla proteins only some Glu residues are modified to Gla. The GLA domain is responsible for the high-affinity binding of calcium ions. It starts at the N-terminal extremity of the mature form of proteins and ends with a conserved aromatic residue; a conserved Gla-x(3)-Gla-x-Cys motif []is found in the middle of the domain which seems to be important for substrate recognition by the carboxylase.The 3D structure of the GLA domain has been solved [, ]. Calcium ions induce conformational changes in the GLA domain that and are necessary for the proper folding of the GLA domain. A common structural feature of functional GLA domains is the clustering of N-terminal hydrophobic residues into a hydrophobic patch that mediates interaction with the cell surface membrane []. Proteins known to contain a GLA domain include []:Coagulation factor X []Coagulation factor VII []Coagulation factor IX []Coagulation factor XIV (vitamin K-dependent protein C) []Vitamin K-dependent protein S []Vitamin K-dependent protein Z []ProthrombinTransthyretinOsteocalcin (also known as bone-Gla protein, BGP)Matrix Gla protein (MGP) []Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H2Growth arrest-specific protein 6 (Gas-6) []
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Protein Domain
IPR035972 | GLA-like_dom_SF
Type: Homologous_superfamily
Description: The GLA (gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-rich) domain contains glutamate residues that have been post-translationally modified by vitamin K-dependent carboxylation to form gamma-carboxyglutamate (Gla) [, , ]. All glutamic acid (Glu) residues present in the GLA domain are potential carboxylation sites; in coagulation proteins, all Gu residues are modified to Gla, while in osteocalcin and matrix Gla proteins only some Glu residues are modified to Gla. The GLA domain is responsible for the high-affinity binding of calcium ions. It starts at the N-terminal extremity of the mature form of proteins and ends with a conserved aromatic residue; a conserved Gla-x(3)-Gla-x-Cys motif []is found in the middle of the domain which seems to be important for substrate recognition by the carboxylase.The 3D structure of the GLA domain has been solved [, ]. Calcium ions induce conformational changes in the GLA domain that and are necessary for the proper folding of the GLA domain. A common structural feature of functional GLA domains is the clustering of N-terminal hydrophobic residues into a hydrophobic patch that mediates interaction with the cell surface membrane []. Proteins known to contain a GLA domain include []:Coagulation factor X []Coagulation factor VII []Coagulation factor IX []Coagulation factor XIV (vitamin K-dependent protein C) []Vitamin K-dependent protein S []Vitamin K-dependent protein Z []ProthrombinTransthyretinOsteocalcin (also known as bone-Gla protein, BGP)Matrix Gla protein (MGP) []Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H2Growth arrest-specific protein 6 (Gas-6) []
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Genotype
Genotype
Symbol: Mgp/Mgp Spp1/Spp1<+>
Background: involves: Black Swiss * C57BL/6J
Zygosity: cx
Has Mutant Allele: true
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Genotype
Genotype
Symbol: Mgp/Mgp<+> Spp1/Spp1
Background: involves: Black Swiss * C57BL/6J
Zygosity: cx
Has Mutant Allele: true
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Publication
9182763 | J:40783
First Author: Komori T
Year: 1997
Journal: Cell
Title: Targeted disruption of Cbfa1 results in a complete lack of bone formation owing to maturational arrest of osteoblasts.
Volume: 89
Issue: 5
Pages: 755-64
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Publication
18373251 | -
 
First Author: Castellino FJ
Year: 2008
Journal: Methods Mol Biol
Title: gamma-Glutamate and beta-hydroxyaspartate in proteins.
Volume: 446
Pages: 85-94
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Publication
18642129 | -
First Author: Fenaille F
Year: 2008
Journal: Glycoconj J
Title: Mass spectrometric characterization of N- and O-glycans of plasma-derived coagulation factor VII.
Volume: 25
Issue: 9
Pages: 827-42
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Publication
18680528 | -
First Author: Blostein M
Year: 2008
Journal: Haemophilia
Title: The carboxylation efficiency of the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors: studies with factor IX.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Pages: 1063-8
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Publication
16156662 | -
First Author: Dai Q
Year: 2005
Journal: Biochemistry
Title: Role of the hexapeptide disulfide loop in the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid domain of protein C in Ca2+-mediated structural and functional properties.
Volume: 44
Issue: 37
Pages: 12508-14
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Publication
16460467 | -
First Author: Saller F
Year: 2006
Journal: J Thromb Haemost
Title: The protein S thrombin-sensitive region modulates phospholipid binding and the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-rich (Gla) domain conformation in a non-specific manner.
Volume: 4
Issue: 3
Pages: 704-6
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Publication
2403355 | -
First Author: Sejima H
Year: 1990
Journal: Biochem Biophys Res Commun
Title: Primary structure of vitamin K-dependent human protein Z.
Volume: 171
Issue: 2
Pages: 661-8
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Publication
9163328 | -
 
First Author: Nakano T
Year: 1997
Journal: Biochem J
Title: Requirement of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues for the biological activity of Gas6: contribution of endogenous Gas6 to the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells.
Volume: 323 ( Pt 2)
Pages: 387-92
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Genotype
Genotype
Symbol: Gt(ROSA)26Sor/Gt(ROSA)26Sor<+> Mgp/Mgp<+>
Background: involves: 129S4/SvJaeSor * C57BL/6NTac
Zygosity: cn
Has Mutant Allele: true
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Protein Domain
IPR031858 | DUF4752
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins is found in bacteria and viruses. Proteins in this family are typically between 90 and 105 amino acids in length. There is a conserved GLA sequence motif.
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Allele
Gas6<tm1Pec> | MGI:2675495
Name: growth arrest specific 6; targeted mutation 1, Peter Carmeliet
Allele Type: Targeted
Attribute String: Null/knockout
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Publication
17873295 | J:128588
First Author: Raefski AS
Year: 2007
Journal: J Mol Neurosci
Title: Wnt pathway anomalies in developing amygdalae of Turner syndrome-like mice.
Volume: 32
Issue: 2
Pages: 111-9
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Publication
21788370 | J:176975
First Author: Khavandgar Z
Year: 2011
Journal: J Cell Biol
Title: A cell-autonomous requirement for neutral sphingomyelinase 2 in bone mineralization.
Volume: 194
Issue: 2
Pages: 277-89
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Publication
11400162 | J:74145
First Author: Gori F
Year: 2001
Journal: J Cell Biochem
Title: Fibromodulin is expressed by both chondrocytes and osteoblasts during fetal bone development.
Volume: 82
Issue: 1
Pages: 46-57
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Publication
11175853 | J:77462
First Author: Angelillo-Scherrer A
Year: 2001
Journal: Nat Med
Title: Deficiency or inhibition of Gas6 causes platelet dysfunction and protects mice against thrombosis.
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Pages: 215-21
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Publication
20139094 | J:160793
First Author: Burnier L
Year: 2010
Journal: Blood
Title: Gas6 deficiency in recipient mice of allogeneic transplantation alleviates hepatic graft-versus-host disease.
Volume: 115
Issue: 16
Pages: 3390-7
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Publication
25471571 | J:218744
First Author: Gruber RC
Year: 2014
Journal: J Neurosci
Title: Targeted GAS6 delivery to the CNS protects axons from damage during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
Volume: 34
Issue: 49
Pages: 16320-35
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Publication
15184064 | J:90648
First Author: Stenhoff J
Year: 2004
Journal: Biochem Biophys Res Commun
Title: Vitamin K-dependent Gas6 activates ERK kinase and stimulates growth of cardiac fibroblasts.
Volume: 319
Issue: 3
Pages: 871-8
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Publication
32052456 | J:304269
First Author: Zahoor A
Year: 2020
Journal: J Cell Physiol
Title: Gas6 negatively regulates the Staphylococcus aureus-induced inflammatory response via TLR signaling in the mouse mammary gland.
Volume: 235
Issue: 10
Pages: 7081-7093
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Publication
22290807 | J:190508
First Author: Gely-Pernot A
Year: 2012
Journal: Stem Cells
Title: An endogenous vitamin K-dependent mechanism regulates cell proliferation in the brain subventricular stem cell niche.
Volume: 30
Issue: 4
Pages: 719-31
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Publication
24810144 | J:232235
First Author: Shibata T
Year: 2014
Journal: Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol
Title: Role of growth arrest-specific gene 6 in the development of fungal allergic airway disease in mice.
Volume: 51
Issue: 5
Pages: 615-25
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Publication
30533018 | J:268092
First Author: Mills KL
Year: 2018
Journal: PLoS One
Title: Gas6 is dispensable for pubertal mammary gland development.
Volume: 13
Issue: 12
Pages: e0208550
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Publication
28049839 | J:239536
First Author: Nassar M
Year: 2017
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Title: GAS6 is a key homeostatic immunological regulator of host-commensal interactions in the oral mucosa.
Volume: 114
Issue: 3
Pages: E337-E346
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Publication
15731491 | J:110045
First Author: Maquoi E
Year: 2005
Journal: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol
Title: Role of Gas-6 in adipogenesis and nutritionally induced adipose tissue development in mice.
Volume: 25
Issue: 5
Pages: 1002-7
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Publication
18480276 | J:149335
First Author: Binder MD
Year: 2008
Journal: J Neurosci
Title: Gas6 deficiency increases oligodendrocyte loss and microglial activation in response to cuprizone-induced demyelination.
Volume: 28
Issue: 20
Pages: 5195-206
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Publication
23149844 | J:193145
First Author: Robins RS
Year: 2013
Journal: Blood
Title: Vascular Gas6 contributes to thrombogenesis and promotes tissue factor up-regulation after vessel injury in mice.
Volume: 121
Issue: 4
Pages: 692-9
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Publication
18156494 | J:134365
First Author: Tjwa M
Year: 2008
Journal: Blood
Title: Gas6 promotes inflammation by enhancing interactions between endothelial cells, platelets, and leukocytes.
Volume: 111
Issue: 8
Pages: 4096-105
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Publication
26585956 | J:232509
First Author: Aghourian MN
Year: 2016
Journal: Blood
Title: Prostaglandin E synthase is upregulated by Gas6 during cancer-induced venous thrombosis.
Volume: 127
Issue: 6
Pages: 769-77
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Publication
21423702 | J:171695
First Author: Binder MD
Year: 2011
Journal: PLoS One
Title: Gas6 increases myelination by oligodendrocytes and its deficiency delays recovery following cuprizone-induced demyelination.
Volume: 6
Issue: 3
Pages: e17727
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Publication
28450294 | J:269193
First Author: Laurance S
Year: 2017
Journal: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol
Title: Gas6 Promotes Inflammatory (CCR2hiCX3CR1lo) Monocyte Recruitment in Venous Thrombosis.
Volume: 37
Issue: 7
Pages: 1315-1322
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Publication
19564549 | J:164950
First Author: Park JK
Year: 2009
Journal: Hypertension
Title: Growth arrest specific protein 6 participates in DOCA-induced target-organ damage.
Volume: 54
Issue: 2
Pages: 359-64
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Publication
26414399 | J:323809
First Author: Bertin FR
Year: 2015
Journal: J Thromb Haemost
Title: Growth arrest-specific 6 regulates thrombin-induced expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 through forkhead box O1 in endothelial cells.
Volume: 13
Issue: 12
Pages: 2260-72
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Publication
24978606 | J:220148
First Author: Salian-Mehta S
Year: 2014
Journal: Mol Cell Endocrinol
Title: Loss of Growth arrest specific gene 6 (Gas6) results in altered GnRH neuron migration, delayed vaginal opening and sexual maturation in mice.
Volume: 393
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 164-70
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Genotype
Genotype
Symbol: Gas6/Gas6
Background: involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ
Zygosity: hm
Has Mutant Allele: true
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Publication
11042109 | J:65663
 
First Author: Jolliffe CN
Year: 2000
Journal: Biochem J
Title: Identification of multiple proteins expressed in murine embryos as binding partners for the WW domains of the ubiquitin-protein ligase Nedd4.
Volume: 351 Pt 3
Pages: 557-65
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Publication
18450759 | J:138129
First Author: Coutu DL
Year: 2008
Journal: J Biol Chem
Title: Periostin, a member of a novel family of vitamin K-dependent proteins, is expressed by mesenchymal stromal cells.
Volume: 283
Issue: 26
Pages: 17991-8001
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Publication
25428889 | J:233357
First Author: Sheen CR
Year: 2015
Journal: J Bone Miner Res
Title: Pathophysiological role of vascular smooth muscle alkaline phosphatase in medial artery calcification.
Volume: 30
Issue: 5
Pages: 824-36
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Publication
36166296 | J:331365
 
First Author: Martinez ME
Year: 2022
Journal: JCI Insight
Title: DIO3 protects against thyrotoxicosis-derived cranio-encephalic and cardiac congenital abnormalities.
Volume: 7
Issue: 21
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Publication
10213384 | J:54095
First Author: Inada M
Year: 1999
Journal: Dev Dyn
Title: Maturational disturbance of chondrocytes in Cbfa1-deficient mice.
Volume: 214
Issue: 4
Pages: 279-90
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Strain
MGI:6343613 | B6.Cg-Gas6<tm1Pec> Axl<tm1Grl>/ShzbMmucd
Attribute String: mutant strain, congenic, targeted mutation
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Publication
28925029 | J:253084
First Author: Ray AK
Year: 2017
Journal: Glia
Title: Loss of Gas6 and Axl signaling results in extensive axonal damage, motor deficits, prolonged neuroinflammation, and less remyelination following cuprizone exposure.
Volume: 65
Issue: 12
Pages: 2051-2069
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Publication
28145605 | J:239591
First Author: Akkermann R
Year: 2017
Journal: Glia
Title: The TAM receptor Tyro3 regulates myelination in the central nervous system.
Volume: 65
Issue: 4
Pages: 581-591
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Publication
6630196 | -
First Author: Fernlund P
Year: 1983
Journal: J Biol Chem
Title: Beta-hydroxyaspartic acid in vitamin K-dependent proteins.
Volume: 258
Issue: 20
Pages: 12509-12
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Publication
6688526 | -
First Author: McMullen BA
Year: 1983
Journal: Biochem Biophys Res Commun
Title: The occurrence of beta-hydroxyaspartic acid in the vitamin K-dependent blood coagulation zymogens.
Volume: 115
Issue: 1
Pages: 8-14
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Publication
10358041 | -
First Author: Stanley TB
Year: 1999
Journal: J Biol Chem
Title: The propeptides of the vitamin K-dependent proteins possess different affinities for the vitamin K-dependent carboxylase.
Volume: 274
Issue: 24
Pages: 16940-4
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Protein Domain
IPR012224 | Pept_S1A_FX
Type: Family
Description: This group of plasma glycoproteins includes coagulation factors VII, IX, and X, and proteins C and Z, which belong to MEROPS peptidase family S1, subfamily S1A (chymotrypsin, clan PA(S)). All but protein Z are peptidases and are involved in blood coagulation. The precursors contain a signal sequence, propeptide, Gla domain, two EGF domains (although sometimes only one is detected by Pfam), and a trypsin domain. Except for protein Z, they are further cleaved between the second EGF domain and the trypsin domain into light and heavy chains, which are connected by a disulphide bond. Glutamic acid residues in the Gla domain undergo vitamin K-dependent carboxylation, allowing this region to bind calcium and membrane phospholipid []. The propeptide region is important in providing a recognition site for the gamma-carboxylase []. Typically one aspartic acid residue in the light chain is post-translationally modified to erythro-beta-hydroxyaspartic acid [, ].
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Publication
16901715 | J:116526
First Author: Prasad D
Year: 2006
Journal: Mol Cell Neurosci
Title: TAM receptor function in the retinal pigment epithelium.
Volume: 33
Issue: 1
Pages: 96-108
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Publication
22156197 | J:184406
First Author: Hong C
Year: 2012
Journal: J Clin Invest
Title: Coordinate regulation of neutrophil homeostasis by liver X receptors in mice.
Volume: 122
Issue: 1
Pages: 337-47
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Publication
23895994 | J:203695
First Author: Lieben L
Year: 2013
Journal: Bone
Title: Maternal hypervitaminosis D reduces fetal bone mass and mineral acquisition and leads to neonatal lethality.
Volume: 57
Issue: 1
Pages: 123-31
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Gene
3552 | IL1A
Type: gene
Organism: human
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Gene
183 | AGT
Type: gene
Organism: human
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Publication
2180939 | -
First Author: Haack JA
Year: 1990
Journal: J Biol Chem
Title: Conantokin-T. A gamma-carboxyglutamate containing peptide with N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonist activity.
Volume: 265
Issue: 11
Pages: 6025-9
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Publication
9398296 | -
First Author: Rigby AC
Year: 1997
Journal: Biochemistry
Title: Role of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in the calcium-induced structural transition of conantokin G, a conotoxin from the marine snail Conus geographus.
Volume: 36
Issue: 50
Pages: 15677-84
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Publication
11554555 | -
First Author: Prorok M
Year: 2001
Journal: Curr Drug Targets
Title: Structure-function relationships of the NMDA receptor antagonist conantokin peptides.
Volume: 2
Issue: 3
Pages: 313-22
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Publication
11096077 | -
First Author: Blandl T
Year: 2001
Journal: J Biol Chem
Title: Sequence requirements for the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist activity of conantokin-R.
Volume: 276
Issue: 10
Pages: 7391-6
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Publication
12350383 | -
First Author: Jimenez EC
Year: 2002
Journal: Epilepsy Res
Title: Conantokin-L, a new NMDA receptor antagonist: determinants for anticonvulsant potency.
Volume: 51
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 73-80
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Publication
17962189 | -
First Author: Teichert RW
Year: 2007
Journal: J Biol Chem
Title: Novel conantokins from Conus parius venom are specific antagonists of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors.
Volume: 282
Issue: 51
Pages: 36905-13
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Publication
19309162 | -
First Author: Twede VD
Year: 2009
Journal: Biochemistry
Title: Conantokin-Br from Conus brettinghami and selectivity determinants for the NR2D subunit of the NMDA receptor.
Volume: 48
Issue: 19
Pages: 4063-73
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Publication
18586049 | -
First Author: Gowd KH
Year: 2008
Journal: Toxicon
Title: Conantokin-P, an unusual conantokin with a long disulfide loop.
Volume: 52
Issue: 2
Pages: 203-13
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Publication
10604979 | -
First Author: White HS
Year: 2000
Journal: J Pharmacol Exp Ther
Title: In vitro and in vivo characterization of conantokin-R, a selective NMDA receptor antagonist isolated from the venom of the fish-hunting snail Conus radiatus.
Volume: 292
Issue: 1
Pages: 425-32
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Protein Domain
IPR005918 | Conantokin_CS
Type: Conserved_site
Description: The conantokins are a family of neuroactive peptides found in the venoms of fish-hunting cone snails. They possess a relatively high number of residues (4-5) of the non-standard amino acid gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla), which is generated by the post-translational modification of glutamate (Glu) residues. Conantokins are the only naturally produced peptides known to be N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists and show therapeutic promise in treating conditions associated with NMDA receptor dysfunction. In animal models they have exhibited anticonvulsant and anti-Parkinsonian properties and have provided neuroprotection within therapeutically acceptable times following transient focal brain ischemia [, , , ].Upon binding of Ca2+ to Gla, conantokin undergoes a conformational transition from a distorted curvilinear 3(10) helix to a linear α-helix. The binding of Ca2+ to conantokin leads to the exposure of a hydrophobic region on the opposite face of the helix []. Conantokins share relatively few sequence elements, which include include sequence identity at the first four residues, homologous positioning of the two most C-terminal Gla residues, and an Arg preceding the most C-terminal Gla [].The conantokin family is currently known to include:Conotoxin G from Conus geographus (Geography cone) (Nubecula geographus).Conantokin-L from Conus lynceus (Lynceus cone) [].Conantokin-R from Conus radiatus (Rayed cone) [].Conantokin-T from Conus tulipa (Fish-hunting cone snail) (Tulip cone) [].Conantokin-P from Conus purpurascens (Purple cone) [].Conantokin-Pr3 from Conus parius (Cone snail) [].Conantokin-Br Conus sulcatus (Sulcate cone) [].
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Publication
11518254 | J:72151
First Author: Drake TA
Year: 2001
Journal: J Orthop Res
Title: Genetic loci influencing natural variations in femoral bone morphometry in mice.
Volume: 19
Issue: 4
Pages: 511-7
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Publication
32188632 | J:293425
 
First Author: Monroy M
Year: 2020
Journal: Development
Title: Lymphatics in bone arise from pre-existing lymphatics.
Volume: 147
Issue: 21
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