Type |
Details |
Score |
Publication |
First Author: |
Man K |
Year: |
2017 |
Journal: |
Immunity |
Title: |
Transcription Factor IRF4 Promotes CD8+ T Cell Exhaustion and Limits the Development of Memory-like T Cells during Chronic Infection. |
Volume: |
47 |
Issue: |
6 |
Pages: |
1129-1141.e5 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Essuman K |
Year: |
2018 |
Journal: |
Curr Biol |
Title: |
TIR Domain Proteins Are an Ancient Family of NAD+-Consuming Enzymes. |
Volume: |
28 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
421-430.e4 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Loring HS |
Year: |
2021 |
Journal: |
Elife |
Title: |
A phase transition enhances the catalytic activity of SARM1, an NAD+ glycohydrolase involved in neurodegeneration. |
Volume: |
10 |
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Domain |
Type: |
Domain |
Description: |
This entry represents the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain, which is the conserved cytoplasmic domain of approximately 200 amino acids, found in Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their adaptors. Proteins containing this domain can also be found in plants, where they mediate disease resistance [], and in bacteria, where they have been associated with virulence. Interestingly, the TIR domains from proteins present in all three major domains of life have been shown to cleave nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). In plants, TIR domains require self-association interfaces and a putative catalytic glutamic acid that is conserved in both bacterial TIR NAD+-cleaving enzymes (NADases) and the mammalian SARM1 (sterile alpha and TIR motif containing 1) NADase for cell death induction and NAD+ cleavage activity [, ]. It has been suggested that the primordial function of the TIR domain is the enzymatic cleavage of NAD+ and that the scaffolding function, which is best characterised in mammalian TIR domains involved in innate immunity, may be a more recent evolutionary adaptation [].Toll proteins or Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) superfamily are both involved in innate antibacterial and antifungalimmunity in insects as well as in mammals. These receptors share a conserved cytoplasmic domain of approximately 200 amino acids, known as the Toll/IL-1R homologous region (TIR). The similarity between TLRs and IL-1Rs is not restricted to sequence homology since these proteins also share a similar signalling pathway. They both induce the activation of a Rel type transcription factor via an adaptor protein and a protein kinase []. Interestingly, MyD88, a cytoplasmic adaptor protein found in mammals, contains a TIR domain associated to a DEATH domain [, , ]. Besides the mammalian and Drosophila proteins, a TIR domain is also found in a number of plant cytoplasmic proteins implicated in host defense [].Site directed mutagenesis and deletion analysis have shown that the TIR domain is essential for Toll and IL-1R activities. Sequence analysis have revealed the presence of three highly conserved regions among the different members of the family: box 1 (FDAFISY), box 2 (GYKLC-RD-PG), and box 3 (a conserved W surrounded by basic residues). It has been proposed that boxes 1 and 2 are involved in the binding of proteins involved in signalling, whereas box 3 is primarily involved in directing localization of receptor, perhaps through interactions with cytoskeletal element [].Resolution of the crystal structures of the TIR domains of human Toll-like receptors 1 and 2 has shown that they contain a central five-stranded parallel β-sheet that is surrounded by a total of five helices on both sides, with connecting loop structures []. The loop regions appear to play an important role in mediating the specificity of protein-protein interactions [, ]. |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
783
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
811
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
732
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Takeuchi O |
Year: |
1999 |
Journal: |
Gene |
Title: |
TLR6: A novel member of an expanding toll-like receptor family. |
Volume: |
231 |
Issue: |
1-2 |
Pages: |
59-65 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
232
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
241
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
132
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
249
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
132
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
783
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
219
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
241
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
119
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
241
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mitcham JL |
Year: |
1996 |
Journal: |
J Biol Chem |
Title: |
T1/ST2 signaling establishes it as a member of an expanding interleukin-1 receptor family. |
Volume: |
271 |
Issue: |
10 |
Pages: |
5777-83 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Muzio M |
Year: |
1997 |
Journal: |
Science |
Title: |
IRAK (Pelle) family member IRAK-2 and MyD88 as proximal mediators of IL-1 signaling. |
Volume: |
278 |
Issue: |
5343 |
Pages: |
1612-5 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Anderson KV |
Year: |
2000 |
Journal: |
Curr Opin Immunol |
Title: |
Toll signaling pathways in the innate immune response. |
Volume: |
12 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
13-9 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Van der Biezen EA |
Year: |
1998 |
Journal: |
Trends Biochem Sci |
Title: |
Plant disease-resistance proteins and the gene-for-gene concept. |
Volume: |
23 |
Issue: |
12 |
Pages: |
454-6 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Slack JL |
Year: |
2000 |
Journal: |
J Biol Chem |
Title: |
Identification of two major sites in the type I interleukin-1 receptor cytoplasmic region responsible for coupling to pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. |
Volume: |
275 |
Issue: |
7 |
Pages: |
4670-8 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Xu Y |
Year: |
2000 |
Journal: |
Nature |
Title: |
Structural basis for signal transduction by the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domains. |
Volume: |
408 |
Issue: |
6808 |
Pages: |
111-5 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Horsefield S |
Year: |
2019 |
Journal: |
Science |
Title: |
NAD+ cleavage activity by animal and plant TIR domains in cell death pathways. |
Volume: |
365 |
Issue: |
6455 |
Pages: |
793-799 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Lawlor KE |
Year: |
2017 |
Journal: |
Cell Rep |
Title: |
XIAP Loss Triggers RIPK3- and Caspase-8-Driven IL-1β Activation and Cell Death as a Consequence of TLR-MyD88-Induced cIAP1-TRAF2 Degradation. |
Volume: |
20 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
668-682 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Jin H |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
J Invest Dermatol |
Title: |
Animal models of atopic dermatitis. |
Volume: |
129 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
31-40 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Bülow S |
Year: |
2024 |
Journal: |
Cell Rep |
Title: |
Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein instructs dendritic cells to elicit Th22 cell response. |
Volume: |
43 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
113929 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Bautista DM |
Year: |
2014 |
Journal: |
Nat Neurosci |
Title: |
Why we scratch an itch: the molecules, cells and circuits of itch. |
Volume: |
17 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
175-82 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
166
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Wan L |
Year: |
2019 |
Journal: |
Science |
Title: |
TIR domains of plant immune receptors are NAD+-cleaving enzymes that promote cell death. |
Volume: |
365 |
Issue: |
6455 |
Pages: |
799-803 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
296
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
409
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
1032
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
1050
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
1032
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
724
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
296
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
1049
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
296
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
306
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
284
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
296
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
409
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
296
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
704
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
296
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
409
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
1049
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
1049
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
1050
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Powolny-Budnicka I |
Year: |
2011 |
Journal: |
Immunity |
Title: |
RelA and RelB transcription factors in distinct thymocyte populations control lymphotoxin-dependent interleukin-17 production in γδ T cells. |
Volume: |
34 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
364-74 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mancino A |
Year: |
2013 |
Journal: |
EMBO J |
Title: |
I kappa B kinase alpha (IKKα) activity is required for functional maturation of dendritic cells and acquired immunity to infection. |
Volume: |
32 |
Issue: |
6 |
Pages: |
816-28 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
695
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
537
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
614
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
567
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
991
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
905
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
926
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
795
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
795
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
835
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
784
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
906
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
859
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
570
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
749
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
748
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
749
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
748
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
749
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
749
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
748
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
748
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
748
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
748
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
696
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
806
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
748
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
748
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
748
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
859
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
835
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
749
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
748
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
784
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
905
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
748
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
749
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
806
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
873
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
905
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
835
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
685
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
748
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
784
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
614
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|