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Publication : Usher type 1G protein sans is a critical component of the tip-link complex, a structure controlling actin polymerization in stereocilia.

First Author  Caberlotto E Year  2011
Journal  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Volume  108
Issue  14 Pages  5825-30
PubMed ID  21436032 Mgi Jnum  J:171218
Mgi Id  MGI:4949007 Doi  10.1073/pnas.1017114108
Citation  Caberlotto E, et al. (2011) Usher type 1G protein sans is a critical component of the tip-link complex, a structure controlling actin polymerization in stereocilia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108(14):5825-30
abstractText  The mechanotransducer channels of auditory hair cells are gated by tip-links, oblique filaments that interconnect the stereocilia of the hair bundle. Tip-links stretch from the tips of stereocilia in the short and middle rows to the sides of neighboring, taller stereocilia. They are made of cadherin-23 and protocadherin-15, products of the Usher syndrome type 1 genes USH1D and USH1F, respectively. In this study we address the role of sans, a putative scaffold protein and product of the USH1G gene. In Ush1g(-/-) mice, the cohesion of stereocilia is disrupted, and both the amplitude and the sensitivity of the transduction currents are reduced. In Ush1g(fl/fl)Myo15-cre(+/-) mice, the loss of sans occurs postnatally and the stereocilia remain cohesive. In these mice, there is a decrease in the amplitude of the total transducer current with no loss in sensitivity, and the tips of the stereocilia in the short and middle rows lose their prolate shape, features that can be attributed to the loss of tip-links. Furthermore, stereocilia from these rows undergo a dramatic reduction in length, suggesting that the mechanotransduction machinery has a positive effect on F-actin polymerization. Sans interacts with the cytoplasmic domains of cadherin-23 and protocadherin-15 in vitro and is absent from the hair bundle in mice defective for either of the two cadherins. Because sans localizes mainly to the tips of short- and middle-row stereocilia in vivo, we conclude that it belongs to a molecular complex at the lower end of the tip-link and plays a critical role in the maintenance of this link.
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