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Publication : Usherin is required for maintenance of retinal photoreceptors and normal development of cochlear hair cells.

First Author  Liu X Year  2007
Journal  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Volume  104
Issue  11 Pages  4413-8
PubMed ID  17360538 Mgi Jnum  J:118927
Mgi Id  MGI:3700725 Doi  10.1073/pnas.0610950104
Citation  Liu X, et al. (2007) Usherin is required for maintenance of retinal photoreceptors and normal development of cochlear hair cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(11):4413-8
abstractText  Usher syndrome type IIA (USH2A), characterized by progressive photoreceptor degeneration and congenital moderate hearing loss, is the most common subtype of Usher syndrome. In this article, we show that the USH2A protein, also known as usherin, is an exceptionally large ( approximately 600-kDa) matrix protein expressed specifically in retinal photoreceptors and developing cochlear hair cells. In mammalian photoreceptors, usherin is localized to a spatially restricted membrane microdomain at the apical inner segment recess that wraps around the connecting cilia, corresponding to the periciliary ridge complex described for amphibian photoreceptors. In sensory hair cells of the cochlea, it is associated transiently with the hair bundles during postnatal development. Targeted disruption of the Ush2a gene in mice leads to progressive photoreceptor degeneration and a moderate but nonprogressive hearing impairment, mimicking the visual and hearing deficits in USH2A patients. These data suggest that usherin is required for the long-term maintenance of retinal photoreceptors and for the development of cochlear hair cells. We propose a model in which usherin in photoreceptors is tethered via its C terminus to the plasma membrane and its large extracellular domain projecting into the periciliary matrix, where they may interact with the connecting cilium to fulfill important structural or signaling roles.
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