| First Author | Sakai K | Year | 2013 |
| Journal | J Virol | Volume | 87 |
| Issue | 24 | Pages | 13433-45 |
| PubMed ID | 24089559 | Mgi Jnum | J:205216 |
| Mgi Id | MGI:5544379 | Doi | 10.1128/JVI.02072-13 |
| Citation | Sakai K, et al. (2013) Absence of CD14 delays progression of prion diseases accompanied by increased microglial activation. J Virol 87(24):13433-45 |
| abstractText | Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders characterized by accumulation of PrP(Sc), vacuolation of neurons and neuropil, astrocytosis, and microglial activation. Upregulation of gene expressions of innate immunity-related factors, including complement factors and CD14, is observed in the brains of mice infected with prions even in the early stage of infections. When CD14 knockout (CD14(-/-)) mice were infected intracerebrally with the Chandler and Obihiro prion strains, the mice survived longer than wild-type (WT) mice, suggesting that CD14 influences the progression of the prion disease. Immunofluorescence staining that can distinguish normal prion protein from the disease-specific form of prion protein (PrP(Sc)) revealed that deposition of PrP(Sc) was delayed in CD14(-/-) mice compared with WT mice by the middle stage of the infection. Immunohistochemical staining with Iba1, a marker for activated microglia, showed an increased microglial activation in prion-infected CD14(-/-) mice compared to WT mice. Interestingly, accompanied by the increased microglial activation, anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) appeared to be expressed earlier in prion-infected CD14(-/-) mice. In contrast, IL-1beta expression appeared to be reduced in the CD14(-/-) mice in the early stage of infection. Double immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that CD11b- and Iba1-positive microglia mainly produced the anti-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting anti-inflammatory status of microglia in the CD14(-/-) mice in the early stage of infection. These results imply that CD14 plays a role in the disease progression by suppressing anti-inflammatory responses in the brain in the early stage of infection. |
