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Publication : Dyclonine rescues frataxin deficiency in animal models and buccal cells of patients with Friedreich's ataxia.

First Author  Sahdeo S Year  2014
Journal  Hum Mol Genet Volume  23
Issue  25 Pages  6848-62
PubMed ID  25113747 Mgi Jnum  J:216419
Mgi Id  MGI:5608773 Doi  10.1093/hmg/ddu408
Citation  Sahdeo S, et al. (2014) Dyclonine rescues frataxin deficiency in animal models and buccal cells of patients with Friedreich's ataxia. Hum Mol Genet 23(25):6848-62
abstractText  Inherited deficiency in the mitochondrial protein frataxin (FXN) causes the rare disease Friedreich's ataxia (FA), for which there is no successful treatment. We identified a redox deficiency in FA cells and used this to model the disease. We screened a 1600-compound library to identify existing drugs, which could be of therapeutic benefit. We identified the topical anesthetic dyclonine as protective. Dyclonine increased FXN transcript and FXN protein dose-dependently in FA cells and brains of animal models. Dyclonine also rescued FXN-dependent enzyme deficiencies in the iron-sulfur enzymes, aconitase and succinate dehydrogenase. Dyclonine induces the Nrf2 [nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2] transcription factor, which we show binds an upstream response element in the FXN locus. Additionally, dyclonine also inhibited the activity of histone methyltransferase G9a, known to methylate histone H3K9 to silence FA chromatin. Chronic dosing in a FA mouse model prevented a performance decline in balance beam studies. A human clinical proof-of-concept study was completed in eight FA patients dosed twice daily using a 1% dyclonine rinse for 1 week. Six of the eight patients showed an increase in buccal cell FXN levels, and fold induction was significantly correlated with disease severity. Dyclonine represents a novel therapeutic strategy that can potentially be repurposed for the treatment of FA.
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