| First Author | Bauer T | Year | 2012 |
| Journal | J Exp Med | Volume | 209 |
| Issue | 11 | Pages | 2033-47 |
| PubMed ID | 23071254 | Mgi Jnum | J:190898 |
| Mgi Id | MGI:5450738 | Doi | 10.1084/jem.20120493 |
| Citation | Bauer T, et al. (2012) Identification of Axl as a downstream effector of TGF-beta1 during Langerhans cell differentiation and epidermal homeostasis. J Exp Med 209(11):2033-47 |
| abstractText | Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) is a fundamental regulator of immune cell development and function. In this study, we investigated the effects of TGF-beta1 on the differentiation of human Langerhans cells (LCs) and identified Axl as a key TGF-beta1 effector. Axl belongs to the TAM (Tyro3, Axl, and Mer) receptor tyrosine kinase family, whose members function as inhibitors of innate inflammatory responses in dendritic cells and are essential to the prevention of lupus-like autoimmunity. We found that Axl expression is induced by TGF-beta1 during LC differentiation and that LC precursors acquire Axl early during differentiation. We also describe prominent steady-state expression as well as inflammation-induced activation of Axl in human epidermal keratinocytes and LCs. TGF-beta1-induced Axl enhances apoptotic cell (AC) uptake and blocks proinflammatory cytokine production. The antiinflammatory role of Axl in the skin is reflected in a marked impairment of the LC network preceding spontaneous skin inflammation in mutant mice that lack all three TAM receptors. Our findings highlight the importance of constitutive Axl expression to tolerogenic barrier immunity in the epidermis and define a mechanism by which TGF-beta1 enables silent homeostatic clearing of ACs to maintain long-term self-tolerance. |
