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Publication : Vertically transmitted faecal IgA levels determine extra-chromosomal phenotypic variation.

First Author  Moon C Year  2015
Journal  Nature Volume  521
Issue  7550 Pages  90-93
PubMed ID  25686606 Mgi Jnum  J:282022
Mgi Id  MGI:6212436 Doi  10.1038/nature14139
Citation  Moon C, et al. (2015) Vertically transmitted faecal IgA levels determine extra-chromosomal phenotypic variation. Nature 521(7550):90-93
abstractText  The proliferation of genetically modified mouse models has exposed phenotypic variation between investigators and institutions that has been challenging to control. In many cases, the microbiota is the presumed cause of the variation. Current solutions to account for phenotypic variability include littermate and maternal controls or defined microbial consortia in gnotobiotic mice. In conventionally raised mice, the microbiome is transmitted from the dam. Here we show that microbially driven dichotomous faecal immunoglobulin-A (IgA) levels in wild-type mice within the same facility mimic the effects of chromosomal mutations. We observe in multiple facilities that vertically transmissible bacteria in IgA-low mice dominantly lower faecal IgA levels in IgA-high mice after co-housing or faecal transplantation. In response to injury, IgA-low mice show increased damage that is transferable by faecal transplantation and driven by faecal IgA differences. We find that bacteria from IgA-low mice degrade the secretory component of secretory IgA as well as IgA itself. These data indicate that phenotypic comparisons between mice must take into account the non-chromosomal hereditary variation between different breeders. We propose faecal IgA as one marker of microbial variability and conclude that co-housing and/or faecal transplantation enables analysis of progeny from different dams.
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