| First Author | Pearson JA | Year | 2024 |
| Journal | Front Immunol | Volume | 15 |
| Pages | 1333967 | PubMed ID | 38482010 |
| Mgi Jnum | J:360915 | Mgi Id | MGI:7612950 |
| Doi | 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1333967 | Citation | Pearson JA, et al. (2024) TLR5-deficiency controls dendritic cell subset development in an autoimmune diabetes-susceptible model. Front Immunol 15:1333967 |
| abstractText | INTRODUCTION: The incidence of the autoimmune disease, type 1 diabetes (T1D), has been increasing worldwide and recent studies have shown that the gut microbiota are associated with modulating susceptibility to T1D. Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) recognizes bacterial flagellin and is widely expressed on many cells, including dendritic cells (DCs), which are potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs). TLR5 modulates susceptibility to obesity and alters metabolism through gut microbiota; however, little is known about the role TLR5 plays in autoimmunity, especially in T1D. METHODS: To fill this knowledge gap, we generated a TLR5-deficient non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse, an animal model of human T1D, for study. RESULTS: We found that TLR5-deficiency led to a reduction in CD11c(+) DC development in utero, prior to microbial colonization, which was maintained into adulthood. This was associated with a bias in the DC populations expressing CD103, with or without CD8alpha co-expression, and hyper-secretion of different cytokines, both in vitro (after stimulation) and directly ex vivo. We also found that TLR5-deficient DCs were able to promote polyclonal and islet antigen-specific CD4(+) T cell proliferation and proinflammatory cytokine secretion. Interestingly, only older TLR5-deficient NOD mice had a greater risk of developing spontaneous T1D compared to wild-type mice. DISCUSSION: In summary, our data show that TLR5 modulates DC development and enhances cytokine secretion and diabetogenic CD4+ T cell responses. Further investigation into the role of TLR5 in DC development and autoimmune diabetes may give additional insights into the pathogenesis of Type 1 diabetes. |
