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Publication : ADAR1 exacerbates ischemic brain injury via astrocyte-mediated neuron apoptosis.

First Author  Cai D Year  2023
Journal  Redox Biol Volume  67
Pages  102903 PubMed ID  37801857
Mgi Jnum  J:344079 Mgi Id  MGI:7542439
Doi  10.1016/j.redox.2023.102903 Citation  Cai D, et al. (2023) ADAR1 exacerbates ischemic brain injury via astrocyte-mediated neuron apoptosis. Redox Biol 67:102903
abstractText  Astrocytes affect stroke outcomes by acquiring functionally dominant phenotypes. Understanding molecular mechanisms dictating astrocyte functional status after brain ischemia/reperfusion may reveal new therapeutic strategies. Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR1), an RNA editing enzyme, is not normally expressed in astrocytes, but highly induced in astrocytes in ischemic stroke lesions. The expression of ADAR1 steeply increased from day 1 to day 7 after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 1 h followed by reperfusion. ADAR1 deficiency markedly ameliorated the volume of the cerebral infarction and neurological deficits as shown by the rotarod and cylinder tests, which was due to the reduction of the numbers of activated astrocytes and microglia. Surprisingly, ADAR1 was mainly expressed in astrocytes while only marginally in microglia. In primary cultured astrocytes, ADAR1 promoted astrocyte proliferation via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. Furthermore, ADAR1 deficiency inhibited brain cell apoptosis in mice with MCAO as well as in activated astrocyte-conditioned medium-induced neurons in vitro. It appeared that ADAR1 induces neuron apoptosis by secretion of IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha from astrocytes through the production of reactive oxygen species. These results indicated that ADAR1 is a novel regulator promoting the proliferation of the activated astrocytes following ischemic stroke, which produce various inflammatory cytokines, leading to neuron apoptosis and worsened ischemic stroke outcome.
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