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Publication : Endogenous itaconate is not required for particulate matter-induced NRF2 expression or inflammatory response.

First Author  Sun KA Year  2020
Journal  Elife Volume  9
PubMed ID  32255424 Mgi Jnum  J:291697
Mgi Id  MGI:6443126 Doi  10.7554/eLife.54877
Citation  Sun KA, et al. (2020) Endogenous itaconate is not required for particulate matter-induced NRF2 expression or inflammatory response. Elife 9:e54877
abstractText  Particulate matter (PM) air pollution causes cardiopulmonary mortality via macrophage-driven lung inflammation; however, the mechanisms are incompletely understood. RNA-sequencing demonstrated Acod1 (Aconitate decarboxylase 1) as one of the top genes induced by PM in macrophages. Acod1 encodes a mitochondrial enzyme that produces itaconate, which has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects via NRF2 after LPS. Here, we demonstrate that PM induces Acod1 and itaconate, which reduced mitochondrial respiration via complex II inhibition. Using Acod1(-/-) mice, we found that Acod1/endogenous itaconate does not affect PM-induced inflammation or NRF2 activation in macrophages in vitro or in vivo. In contrast, exogenous cell permeable itaconate, 4-octyl itaconate (OI) attenuated PM-induced inflammation in macrophages. OI was sufficient to activate NRF2 in macrophages; however, NRF2 was not required for the anti-inflammatory effects of OI. We conclude that the effects of itaconate production on inflammation are stimulus-dependent, and that there are important differences between endogenous and exogenously-applied itaconate.
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