| First Author | Böttner M | Year | 1999 |
| Journal | Gene | Volume | 237 |
| Issue | 1 | Pages | 105-11 |
| PubMed ID | 10524241 | Mgi Jnum | J:57452 |
| Mgi Id | MGI:1344826 | Doi | 10.1016/s0378-1119(99)00309-1 |
| Citation | Bottner M, et al. (1999) Characterization of the rat, mouse, and human genes of growth/differentiation factor-15/ macrophage inhibiting cytokine-1 (GDF-15/MIC-1). Gene 237(1):105-11 |
| abstractText | We have isolated the rat, mouse and human genes of a distant member of the TGF-beta superfamily, growth/differentiation factor-15/macrophage inhibiting cytokine-1 (GDF-15/MIC-1) by screening of genomic libraries. All three genes are composed of two exons, and contain one single intron that interrupts the coding sequences at identical positions within the prepro-domain of the corresponding proteins. The predicted proteins contain the structural hallmarks of members of the TGF-beta superfamily, including the seven conserved carboxy-terminal cysteine residues that form the cystine knot. The orthologous molecules show the lowest sequence conservation of all members of the TGF-beta superfamily. RT-PCR reveals an abundant expression of GDF-15/MIC-1 mRNA in numerous embryonic and adult organs and tissues. Promoter analysis of the rat promoter indicates the presence of multiple regulatory elements, including a TATA-like sequence as well as several SP1, AP-1 and AP-2 sites. Deletion analysis suggests that a 350 bp region upstream of the start of the open reading frame appears to be the most important for regulation of transcription. |
