| First Author | de Bari O | Year | 2015 |
| Journal | J Lipid Res | Volume | 56 |
| Issue | 9 | Pages | 1691-700 |
| PubMed ID | 26152119 | Mgi Jnum | J:225824 |
| Mgi Id | MGI:5694537 | Doi | 10.1194/jlr.M059121 |
| Citation | de Bari O, et al. (2015) Estrogen induces two distinct cholesterol crystallization pathways by activating ERalpha and GPR30 in female mice. J Lipid Res 56(9):1691-700 |
| abstractText | To distinguish the lithogenic effect of the classical estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) from that of the G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), a new estrogen receptor, on estrogen-induced gallstones, we investigated the entire spectrum of cholesterol crystallization pathways and sequences during the early stage of gallstone formation in gallbladder bile of ovariectomized female wild-type, GPR30((-/-)), ERalpha((-/-)), and GPR30((-/-))/ERalpha((-/-)) mice treated with 17beta-estradiol (E2) at 6 microg/day and fed a lithogenic diet for 12 days. E2 disrupted biliary cholesterol and bile salt metabolism through ERalpha and GPR30, leading to supersaturated bile and predisposing to the precipitation of cholesterol monohydrate crystals. In GPR30((-/-)) mice, arc-like and tubular crystals formed first, followed by classical parallelogram-shaped cholesterol monohydrate crystals. In ERalpha((-/-)) mice, precipitation of lamellar liquid crystals, typified by birefringent multilamellar vesicles, appeared earlier than cholesterol monohydrate crystals. Both crystallization pathways were accelerated in wild-type mice with the activation of GPR30 and ERalpha by E2. However, cholesterol crystallization was drastically retarded in GPR30((-/-))/ERalpha((-/-)) mice. We concluded that E2 activates GPR30 and ERalpha to produce liquid crystalline versus anhydrous crystalline metastable intermediates evolving to cholesterol monohydrate crystals from supersaturated bile. GPR30 produces a synergistic lithogenic action with ERalpha to enhance E2-induced gallstone formation. |
