| First Author | Xiao J | Year | 2015 |
| Journal | Toxicol Sci | Volume | 143 |
| Issue | 2 | Pages | 430-40 |
| PubMed ID | 25432964 | Mgi Jnum | J:227787 |
| Mgi Id | MGI:5702807 | Doi | 10.1093/toxsci/kfu244 |
| Citation | Xiao J, et al. (2015) Cyclooxygenase-1 serves a vital hepato-protective function in chemically induced acute liver injury. Toxicol Sci 143(2):430-40 |
| abstractText | Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) is the constitutive form of the COX enzyme family, which produces bioactive lipids called prostanoids. Although the role of COX-2 in liver diseases has been studied, little is known about the function of COX-1 in liver injury. We aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of COX-1 in acute liver injury. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) was administered to induce acute liver injury in wild-type or COX-1-deficient mice. Both genetic (partially or completely) deletion of COX-1 expression and pharmacological inhibition of COX-1 activity in mice exacerbated acute liver injury induced by CCl(4), revealing the (1) histopathological changes and increased serum levels of aminotransferases; (2) oxidative stress in the liver partly through the action of cytochrome P450 2E1-dependent pathway; (3) enhanced inflammatory and chemoattractive responses with increased number of activated macrophages; and (4) increased apoptosis through both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. These pathological changes were partly through the modulation of transcription factor-dependent pathways (eg, NF-kappaB and C/EBP-alpha). Pre-treatment with prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)) or 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitor in homozygous COX-1 knockout mice significantly ameliorated CCl(4)-induced hepatic injury. In addition, level of hepato-protective molecules (eg, OSM and OSMR) and associated liver regeneration pathway were significantly inhibited by the deficiency of COX-1 but restored by the addition of PGE(2) or the inhibition of 5-LO. Furthermore, the alternative arachidonic acid metabolism pathway of 5-LO, which induced additional inflammation in the liver, was activated in response to the deficiency of COX-1. In conclusion, basal expression of COX-1 is essential for the protection of liver against chemical-induced hepatotoxicity and required for hepatic homeostatic maintenance. |
