| First Author | Gupta D | Year | 2017 |
| Journal | J Biol Chem | Volume | 292 |
| Issue | 30 | Pages | 12449-12459 |
| PubMed ID | 28487366 | Mgi Jnum | J:245629 |
| Mgi Id | MGI:5919072 | Doi | 10.1074/jbc.M117.781047 |
| Citation | Gupta D, et al. (2017) Temporal characterization of beta cell-adaptive and -maladaptive mechanisms during chronic high-fat feeding in C57BL/6NTac mice. J Biol Chem 292(30):12449-12459 |
| abstractText | The onset of type 2 diabetes is characterized by transition from successful to failed insulin secretory compensation to obesity-related insulin resistance and dysmetabolism. Energy-rich diets in rodents are commonly studied models of compensatory increases in both insulin secretion and beta cell mass. However, the mechanisms of these adaptive responses are incompletely understood, and it is also unclear why these responses eventually fail. We measured the temporal trends of glucose homeostasis, insulin secretion, beta cell morphometry, and islet gene expression in C57BL/6NTac mice fed a 60% high-fat diet (HFD) or control diet for up to 16 weeks. A 2-fold increased hyperinsulinemia was maintained for the first 4 weeks of HFD feeding and then further increased through 16 weeks. beta cell mass increased progressively starting at 4 weeks, principally through nonproliferative growth. Insulin sensitivity was not significantly perturbed until 11 weeks of HFD feeding. Over the first 8 weeks, we observed two distinct waves of increased expression of beta cell functional and prodifferentiation genes. This was followed by activation of the unfolded protein response at 8 weeks and overt beta cell endoplasmic reticulum stress at 12-16 weeks. In summary, beta cell adaptation to an HFD in C57BL/6NTac mice entails early insulin hypersecretion and a robust growth phase along with hyperexpression of related genes that begin well before the onset of observed insulin resistance. However, continued HFD exposure results in cessation of gene hyperexpression, beta cell functional failure, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. These data point to a complex but not sustainable integration of beta cell-adaptive responses to nutrient overabundance, obesity development, and insulin resistance. |
