| First Author | Ku CS | Year | 2013 |
| Journal | Biochim Biophys Acta | Volume | 1830 |
| Issue | 4 | Pages | 2981-8 |
| PubMed ID | 23357040 | Mgi Jnum | J:199038 |
| Mgi Id | MGI:5500136 | Doi | 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.01.018 |
| Citation | Ku CS, et al. (2013) Edible blue-green algae reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting NF-kappaB pathway in macrophages and splenocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta 1830(4):2981-8 |
| abstractText | BACKGROUND: Chronic inflammation contributes to the development of pathological disorders including insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Identification of anti-inflammatory natural products can prevent the inflammatory diseases. METHODS: Anti-inflammatory effects of blue-green algae (BGA), i.e., Nostoc commune var. sphaeroides Kutzing (NO) and Spirulina platensis (SP), were compared in RAW 264.7 and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) as well as splenocytes from apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE(-/-)) mice fed BGA. RESULTS: When macrophages pretreated with 100mug/ml NO lipid extract (NOE) or SP lipid extract (SPE) were activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), and IL-6, were significantly repressed. NOE and SPE also significantly repressed the expression of TNFalpha and IL-1beta in BMM. LPS-induced secretion of IL-6 was lower in splenocytes from apoE(-/-) fed an atherogenic diet containing 5% NO or SP for 12weeks. In RAW 264.7 macrophages, NOE and SPE markedly decreased nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB. The degree of repression of pro-inflammatory gene expression by algal extracts was much stronger than that of SN50, an inhibitor of NF-kappaB nuclear translocation. Trichostatin A, a pan histone deacetylase inhibitor, increased basal expression of IL-1beta and attenuated the repression of the gene expression by SPE. SPE significantly down-regulated mRNA abundance of 11 HDAC isoforms, consequently increasing acetylated histone 3 levels. CONCLUSION: NOE and SPE repress pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and secretion in macrophages and splenocytes via inhibition of NF-kappaB pathway. Histone acetylation state is likely involved in the inhibition. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study underscores natural products can exert anti-inflammatory effects by epigenetic modifications such as histone acetylation. |
