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Publication : Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol Differentially Regulate Intraocular Pressure.

First Author  Miller S Year  2018
Journal  Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Volume  59
Issue  15 Pages  5904-5911
PubMed ID  30550613 Mgi Jnum  J:268346
Mgi Id  MGI:6269929 Doi  10.1167/iovs.18-24838
Citation  Miller S, et al. (2018) Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol Differentially Regulate Intraocular Pressure. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 59(15):5904-5911
abstractText  Purpose: It has been known for nearly 50 years that cannabis and the psychoactive constituent Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) reduce intraocular pressure (IOP). Elevated IOP remains the chief hallmark and therapeutic target for glaucoma, a major cause of blindness. THC likely acts via one of the known cannabinoid-related receptors (CB1, CB2, GPR18, GPR119, GPR55) but this has never been determined explicitly. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a second major constituent of cannabis that has been found to be without effect on IOP in most studies. Methods: Effects of topically applied THC and CBD were tested in living mice by using tonometry and measurements of mRNA levels. In addition the lipidomic consequences of CBD treatment were tested by using lipid analysis. Results: We now report that a single topical application of THC lowered IOP substantially ( approximately 28%) for 8 hours in male mice. This effect is due to combined activation of CB1 and GPR18 receptors each of which has been shown to lower ocular pressure when activated. We also found that the effect was sex-dependent, being stronger in male mice, and that mRNA levels of CB1 and GPR18 were higher in males. Far from inactive, CBD was found to have two opposing effects on ocular pressure, one of which involved antagonism of tonic signaling. CBD prevents THC from lowering ocular pressure. Conclusions: We conclude that THC lowers IOP by activating two receptors-CB1 and GPR18-but in a sex-dependent manner. CBD, contrary to expectation, has two opposing effects on IOP and can interfere with the effects of THC.
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