| First Author | Mandal P | Year | 2020 |
| Journal | Viruses | Volume | 12 |
| Issue | 11 | PubMed ID | 33126536 |
| Mgi Jnum | J:310107 | Mgi Id | MGI:6694706 |
| Doi | 10.3390/v12111221 | Citation | Mandal P, et al. (2020) TNF Signaling Dictates Myeloid and Non-Myeloid Cell Crosstalk to Execute MCMV-Induced Extrinsic Apoptosis. Viruses 12(11) |
| abstractText | Cytomegaloviruses all encode the viral inhibitor of caspase-8-induced apoptosis (vICA). After binding to this initiator caspase, vICA blocks caspase-8 proteolytic activity and ability to activate caspase-3 and/or caspase-7. In this manner, vICA has long been known to prevent apoptosis triggered via tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family death receptor-dependent extrinsic signaling. Here, we employ fully wild-type murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) and vICA-deficient MCMV (M36) to investigate the contribution of TNF signaling to apoptosis during infection of different cell types. M36 shows the expected ability to kill mouse splenic hematopoietic cells, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM), and dendritic cells (BMDC). Antibody blockade or genetic elimination of TNF protects myeloid cells from death, and caspase-8 activation accompanies cell death. Interferons, necroptosis, and pyroptotic gasdermin D (GSDMD) do not contribute to myeloid cell death. Human and murine fibroblasts or murine endothelial cells (SVEC4-10) normally insensitive to TNF become sensitized to M36-induced apoptosis when treated with TNF or TNF-containing BMDM-conditioned medium. We demonstrate that myeloid cells are the natural source of TNF that triggers apoptosis in either myeloid (autocrine) or non-myeloid cells (paracrine) during M36 infection of mice. Caspase-8 suppression by vICA emerges as key to subverting innate immune elimination of a wide variety of infected cell types. |
