| First Author | Lima GK | Year | 2010 |
| Journal | Am J Pathol | Volume | 177 |
| Issue | 5 | Pages | 2433-45 |
| PubMed ID | 20864677 | Mgi Jnum | J:166259 |
| Mgi Id | MGI:4840173 | Doi | 10.2353/ajpath.2010.100121 |
| Citation | Lima GK, et al. (2010) Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR9 expressed in trigeminal ganglia are critical to viral control during herpes simplex virus 1 infection. Am J Pathol 177(5):2433-45 |
| abstractText | Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a neurotropic DNA virus that is responsible for several clinical manifestations in humans, including encephalitis. HSV-1 triggers toll-like receptors (TLRs), which elicit cytokine production. Viral multiplication and cytokine expression in C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice infected with HSV-1 were evaluated. Virus was found in the trigeminal ganglia (TG), but not in the brains of animals without signs of encephalitis, between 2 and 6 days postinfection (d.p.i.). Cytokine expression in the TG peaked at 5 d.p.i. TLR9-/- and TLR2/9-/- mice were more susceptible to the virus, with 60% and 100% mortality, respectively, as opposed to 10% in the WT and TLR2-/- mice. Increased levels of both CXCL10/IP-10 and CCL2/MCP-1, as well as reduced levels of interferon-gamma and interleukin 1-beta transcripts, measured in both the TG and brains at 5 d.p.i., and the presence of virus in the brain were correlated with total mortality in TLR2/9-/- mice. Cytokine alterations in TLR2/9-/- mice coincided with histopathological changes in their brains, which did not occur in WT and TLR2-/- mice and occurred only slightly in TLR9-/- mouse brain. Increased cellularity, macrophages, CD8 T cells producing interferon-gamma, and expression levels of TLR2 and TLR9 were detected in the TG of WT-infected mice. We hypothesize that HSV-1 infection is controlled by TLR-dependent immune responses in the TG, which prevent HSV-1 encephalitis. |
