| First Author | Zhang Y | Year | 2012 |
| Journal | Am J Physiol Renal Physiol | Volume | 302 |
| Issue | 1 | Pages | F159-72 |
| PubMed ID | 21975875 | Mgi Jnum | J:180093 |
| Mgi Id | MGI:5305391 | Doi | 10.1152/ajprenal.00749.2010 |
| Citation | Zhang Y, et al. (2012) High glucose-induced RhoA activation requires caveolae and PKCbeta1-mediated ROS generation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 302(1):F159-72 |
| abstractText | Glomerular matrix accumulation is a hallmark of diabetic nephropathy. We previously showed that RhoA activation by high glucose in mesangial cells (MC) leads to matrix upregulation (Peng F, Wu D, Gao B, Ingram AJ, Zhang B, Chorneyko K, McKenzie R, Krepinsky JC. Diabetes 57: 1683-1692, 2008). Here, we study the mechanism whereby RhoA is activated. In primary rat MC, RhoA activation required glucose entry and metabolism. Broad PKC inhibitors (PMA, bisindolylmaleimide, Go6976), as well as specific PKCbeta blockade with an inhibitor and small interfering RNA (siRNA), prevented RhoA activation by glucose. PKCbeta inhibition also abrogated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by glucose. The ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or NADPH oxidase inhibitors apocynin and DPI prevented glucose-induced RhoA activation. RhoA and some PKC isoforms localize to caveolae. Chemical disruption of these microdomains prevented RhoA and PKCbeta1 activation by glucose. In caveolin-1 knockout cells, glucose did not induce RhoA and PKCbeta1 activation; these responses were rescued by caveolin-1 reexpression. Furthermore, glucose-induced ROS generation was significantly attenuated by chemical disruption of caveolae and in knockout cells. Downstream of RhoA signaling, activator protein-1 (AP-1) activation was also inhibited by disrupting caveolae, was absent in caveolin-1 knockout MC and rescued by caveolin-1 reexpression. Finally, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 upregulation, mediated by AP-1, was prevented by RhoA signaling inhibition and by disruption or absence of caveolae. In conclusion, RhoA activation by glucose is dependent on PKCbeta1-induced ROS generation, most likely through NADPH oxidase. The activation of PKCbeta1 and its downstream effects, including upregulation of TGF-beta1, requires caveolae. These microdomains are thus important mediators of the profibrogenic process associated with diabetic nephropathy. |
