| First Author | Henke PK | Year | 2011 |
| Journal | Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol | Volume | 31 |
| Issue | 1 | Pages | 43-9 |
| PubMed ID | 20966396 | Mgi Jnum | J:184193 |
| Mgi Id | MGI:5320405 | Doi | 10.1161/ATVBAHA.110.216317 |
| Citation | Henke PK, et al. (2011) Toll-like receptor 9 signaling is critical for early experimental deep vein thrombosis resolution. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 31(1):43-9 |
| abstractText | OBJECTIVE: Toll-like receptors (TLR) bridge innate immunity and host responses, including inflammation. Sterile inflammation such as a venous thrombus (Vt) may involve TLR signaling, including TLR9. METHODS AND RESULTS: TLR9 signaling on thrombus resolution was investigated using a mouse model of stasis Vt. Vt were significantly larger in TLR9-/- mice compared with wild-type (WT) at 2 and 8 days, despite a 2-fold increase in thrombus polymorphonucleic neutrophils at 2 days and monocytes at 8 days, whereas thrombus collagen and neovascularization was 55% and 37% less, respectively, at 8 days. Coincidently, decreased fibrinogen and increased thrombin-antithrombin complex were observed in TLR9-/- mouse thrombi. Vein wall interferon-alpha, interleukin-1alpha, and interleukin-2 were significantly reduced in TLR9-/- mice compared with WT. Thrombus cell death pathway markers were not significantly altered at 2 days, but caspase-1 was reduced in TLR9-/- thrombi at 8 days. MyD88 confers TLR9 intracellular signaling, but MyD88-/- mice had Vt resolution similar to that of WT. However, inhibition of the NOTCH ligand delta-like 4 was associated with larger Vt. Finally, stimulation with a TLR9 agonist was associated with smaller Vt. CONCLUSIONS: TLR9 signaling is integral for early and mid-Vt resolution through modulation of sterile inflammation, maintaining a TH1 milieu, and effects on the thrombosis pathway. |
