| First Author | Choi H | Year | 2018 |
| Journal | J Biol Chem | Volume | 293 |
| Issue | 23 | Pages | 8969-8981 |
| PubMed ID | 29700115 | Mgi Jnum | J:264167 |
| Mgi Id | MGI:6192973 | Doi | 10.1074/jbc.RA117.001167 |
| Citation | Choi H, et al. (2018) COX-2 expression mediated by calcium-TonEBP signaling axis under hyperosmotic conditions serves osmoprotective function in nucleus pulposus cells. J Biol Chem 293(23):8969-8981 |
| abstractText | The nucleus pulposus (NP) of intervertebral discs experiences dynamic changes in tissue osmolarity because of diurnal loading of the spine. TonEBP/NFAT5 is a transcription factor that is critical in osmoregulation as well as survival of NP cells in the hyperosmotic milieu. The goal of this study was to investigate whether cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is osmoresponsive and dependent on TonEBP, and whether it serves an osmoprotective role. NP cells up-regulated COX-2 expression in hyperosmotic media. The induction of COX-2 depended on elevation of intracellular calcium levels and p38 MAPK pathway, but independent of calcineurin signaling as well as MEK/ERK and JNK pathways. Under hyperosmotic conditions, both COX-2 mRNA stability and its proximal promoter activity were increased. The proximal COX-2 promoter (-1840/+123 bp) contained predicted binding sites for TonEBP, AP-1, NF-kappaB, and C/EBP-beta. While COX-2 promoter activity was positively regulated by both AP-1 and NF-kappaB, AP-1 had no effect and NF-kappaB negatively regulated COX-2 protein levels under hyperosmotic conditions. On the other hand, TonEBP was necessary for both COX-2 promoter activity and protein up-regulation in response to hyperosmotic stimuli. Ex vivo disc organ culture studies using hypomorphic TonEBP(+/-) mice confirmed that TonEBP is required for hyperosmotic induction of COX-2. Importantly, the inhibition of COX-2 activity under hyperosmotic conditions resulted in decreased cell viability, suggesting that COX-2 plays a cytoprotective and homeostatic role in NP cells for their adaptation to dynamically loaded hyperosmotic niches. |
