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Publication : Detrimental effects of arachidonic acid and its metabolites in cellular and mouse models of Alzheimer's disease: structural insight.

First Author  Amtul Z Year  2012
Journal  Neurobiol Aging Volume  33
Issue  4 Pages  831.e21-31
PubMed ID  21920632 Mgi Jnum  J:188190
Mgi Id  MGI:5439677 Doi  10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.07.014
Citation  Amtul Z, et al. (2012) Detrimental effects of arachidonic acid and its metabolites in cellular and mouse models of Alzheimer's disease: structural insight. Neurobiol Aging 33(4):831.e21-31
abstractText  Inflammation is believed to be integral to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Arachidonic acid (AA) is the most important omega-6 fatty acid and a mediator of inflammatory pathways. High-sensitivity enzyme linked immunosorbent assay shows that AA and its various metabolites; prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotriene B4 resulted in significantly higher secretion of both Abeta40 and 42 peptides. A combination of identical number of alternate cis and trans double bonds either at positions Delta5 or 7Z,13 or 15E (such as PGE(2), PGF(2alpha), THXB2 and PGF(2alpha)EA) or at positions Delta6Z,8E,10E,14Z (such as LB4) built in the 3-dimensional structure of 20-carbon fatty acyl chains believed to be responsible for their detrimental action. CP 24,879 and sesamin, 2 inhibitors of the AA pathway suppressed the production of amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides. Immunoblotting experiments and use of SP-C99 transfected COS-7 cells suggested that AA and its metabolites-driven altered production of Abeta is mediated through gamma-secretase cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP). An early-onset AD transgenic mouse model expressing the double-mutant form of human amyloid precursor protein, Swedish (K670N/M671L) and Indiana (V717F), corroborated our in vitro findings by showing higher levels of Abeta and amyloid plaques in the brains, when they were fed chow supplemented with 2% AA. Our work not only supports that AA and its metabolites are involved in the production of Abeta and in the pathogenesis of AD but also contributes to clarify aspects of structure-activity relationship helpful for future nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) research.
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