| First Author | Nishiyama A | Year | 2006 |
| Journal | Cell Immunol | Volume | 239 |
| Issue | 2 | Pages | 103-12 |
| PubMed ID | 16781693 | Mgi Jnum | J:112851 |
| Mgi Id | MGI:3663834 | Doi | 10.1016/j.cellimm.2006.04.003 |
| Citation | Nishiyama A, et al. (2006) Phagocytosis of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine particles, a Th1 adjuvant, by RAW 264.7 cells results in MAPK activation and TNF-alpha, but not IL-10, production. Cell Immunol 239(2):103-12 |
| abstractText | A practical and highly effective Th1 adjuvant should induce Th1 cytokines (IL-12, IL-18, and TNF-alpha) but not the Th2 cytokine IL-10, an inhibitor of Th1 responses. In this study, phagocytosis of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine polymer (chitin) particles by RAW 264.7 cells, a murine macrophage-like cell line, resulted in phosphorylation of MAPK (p38, Erk 1/2, and JNK), and production of relatively high levels of TNF-alpha and COX-2 with increased PGE(2) release. Similar results were observed in response to oligonucleotides with CpG motifs, mycobacterial components and endotoxin. However, these bacterial components also induced a large amount of IL-10. Chitin particles, in contrast, failed to induce detectable levels of IL-10, although the production of high levels of PGE(2) and TNF-alpha and the activation of MAPK's are potentially positive signals for IL-10 production. Thus, our results indicate that chitin particles act as a unique Th1 adjuvant for macrophages without inducing increased production of IL-10. |
