| First Author | Fu L | Year | 2025 |
| Journal | Nature | Volume | 642 |
| Issue | 8068 | Pages | 756-765 |
| PubMed ID | 40228524 | Mgi Jnum | J:370846 |
| Mgi Id | MGI:8235283 | Doi | 10.1038/s41586-025-08982-4 |
| Citation | Fu L, et al. (2025) PRDM16-dependent antigen-presenting cells induce tolerance to gut antigens. Nature 642(8068):756-765 |
| abstractText | The gastrointestinal tract is continuously exposed to foreign antigens in food and commensal microorganisms with potential to induce adaptive immune responses. Peripherally induced T regulatory (pT(reg)) cells are essential for mitigating inflammatory responses to these agents(1-4). Although RORgammat(+) antigen-presenting cells (APCs) have been shown to programme gut microbiota-specific pT(reg) cells(5-7), their definition remains incomplete, and the APC responsible for food tolerance has remained unknown. Here we identify an APC subset that is required for differentiation of both food- and microbiota-specific pT(reg) cells and for establishment of oral tolerance. Development and function of these APCs require expression of the transcription factors PRDM16 and RORgammat, as well as a unique Rorc(t) cis-regulatory element. Gene expression, chromatin accessibility, and surface marker analysis establish the pT(reg)-inducing APCs as myeloid in origin, distinct from type 3 innate lymphoid cells, and sharing epigenetic profiles with classical dendritic cells, and designate them PRDM16(+)RORgammat(+) tolerizing dendritic cells (tolDCs). Upon genetic perturbation of tolDCs, we observe a substantial increase in food antigen-specific T helper 2 cells in lieu of pT(reg) cells, leading to compromised tolerance in mouse models of asthma and food allergy. Single-cell analyses of freshly resected mesenteric lymph nodes from a human organ donor, as well as multiple specimens of human intestine and tonsil, reveal candidate tolDCs with co-expression of PRDM16 and RORC and an extensive transcriptome shared with tolDCs from mice, highlighting an evolutionarily conserved role across species. Our findings suggest that a better understanding of how tolDCs develop and how they regulate T cell responses to food and microbial antigens could offer new insights into developing therapeutic strategies for autoimmune and allergic diseases as well as organ transplant tolerance. |
